Indian Education Montana Oce of Public Instruction Denise Juneau, Superintendent Montana Tribal History Timelines 2. The soldiers took more than 100 prisoners, but once they realized many were infected by small pox, released them with no food, clothing or shelter in subzero weather. The recruits- three hundred in all- assembled at Fort Dufferin, Manitoba, and on July 16, 1874, they began their grueling Great March West. Forested areas, consisting mainly of Douglas fir, are therefore able to grow on the hills' slopes. There's a new bakery and cafe in Missoula, and another bakery is making a move to downtown. 1873 and 1874 President Grant issued Executive Orders diminishing reservation lands. OTTAWA, Nov. [/box], Your email address will not be published. They had eaten the grass short, making feed very scarce; the lakes were fouled by them. First published November 18, 2013. http://treasurestatelifestyles.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/masthead3.png, https://treasurestatelifestyles.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Gold-Butte-and-Lake-Cameron-2.jpg. Item FC 3216 S2 3.5.6.9 - Sweetgrass Hills Massacre. Subscribe to this website and receive notification each time a free genealogy resource is newly published. Copyright20062023,Somerightsreserved. When the miners left, the free range cattle businesses moved in. This historical marker was erected by Montana Department of Transportation. A period of violence and bloodshed in Montana began in 1865, when frustrated Blood and Peigan war parties took about 40 horses from the Whites in the town of Benton. The peer-reviewed quarterly is a leading source for scholarship on the American West and is both Montana's journal of record and an official journal of the Western History . Within Alberta, 403.2 km 2 of the Cypress Hills are protected as the Cypress Hills Provincial Park . The road is a well traveled two lane gravel road. Sweetgrass Hills Massacre. 18 talking about this. And your general elk license allows for the harvest of antlerless elk. Required fields are marked *. 3h 16m. 1896 20 mile wide strip of Blackfeet Reservation ceded. Sweetgrass is a fragrant grass with long, satiny leaves. [2][3] The tallest point in the hills is West Butte at 6,983 feet (2,128m). For at least 1,000 years, the tribe had lived off the northern coast of California on what is now called Indian Island. Located across north central Montana, in Toole and Liberty Counties, these mountain islands hold secrets only the gods know. The strong few who today call this place home will attest to the spirituality of the hills. Browse through our online shop to find just what you need - and learn more about the heritage behind each item and the featured artisans. Clark had been in several conflicts with Owl Child, a Piegan, who was not camped with Heavy Runner, but with Mountain Chief. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. We are 20 mins west of Mizzou. Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty Land Warrants, 1859 List of Munsee from Leavenworth County Kansas, 1876-1878 Pacific Coast Business Directory, St. Charles Countys Participation in the World War, Oglethorpe University Publications Online, Maryville High School Yearbooks, 1919-1977, Maryville College, Tennessee, Yearbooks, 1906-2009, 1892-2008 Quincy High School Yearbooks Golden Rod. . The Sweet Grass Hills produced minor amounts of gold and silver as well as other minerals in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. be seen as far North as the Crowsnest Highway (Highway3) near Medicine Hat in Alberta as well as from the West, near Glacier National Park and Browning, Montana. Te American Museum of Natural History returned Blackfeet human remains taken from Old Agency on Badger Creek. plan your trip with our In 1865, the area north of Montana was known as Whoop-Up country. A column of cavalry and infantry under the command of Major Eugene Baker attacked the sleeping camp early in the morning. 1962 Article II of the Constitution and By-Laws of the Blackfeet Tribe, defining tribal membership, was amended. The Sweet Grass Hills are located in North Central Montana, north of Highway 2, right near the Canadian border. The three buttes are West Butte (elevation of 6983 feet), Gold Butte (elevation of 6512 feet) and East Butte (elevation of 6958 feet). The Blackfeet claimed the land was only provided for a 99 -year lease. Healthy sprouts of winter wheat line the fields on either side of the dirt road, while most remaining buildings look abandoned and wind worn. The map below shows the route and location of the Sweet Grass Hills Backcountry Drive in Central Montana. A gold rush came once, a century ago, earning Middle Butte the new name of Gold Butte. A family-owned farm located in Boonville, MO. Several American Indian Tribes have spiritual and historic associations with the Sweet Grass Hills and they have been determined eligible to the National Register of Historic Places. Shelby is located at the crossroads of I-15 and Highway 2, just 89 miles east of Glacier National Park. DESCRIPTION & HISTORY of SWEETGRASS is a winter-hardy aromatic perennial grass, normally found growing in rich, moist soil from Alaska to Newfoundland in full sun, and is also native to northern Europe.. A man of peace, Heavy Runner had no quarrel with the US Army. 1896 - A 20-mile wide strip of Blackfeet Reservation was ceded. So with the arrival of the Mounties came law and order. Many refugees froze or starved to death seeking shelter in nearby camps or at FortBenton. Brown at the junction with Old Whitlash Stage Road (Highway 409). These island ranges, completely surrounded by the 'sea' of plains and not geographically (or often geologically) part of the Rocky Mountains to the west, are "biological hotspots", containing more species than the prairie below. They reported no feed between us and the Cypress Hills, buffalo in great numbers having eaten off all the grass. The Sweetgrass Hills were once named for the famous hero Katoyis, who slay the wind-sucker monster atop one of these buttes. 1870 - The Blackfoot Massacre, often called the Bear River Massacre, the Baker Massacre or the Marias Massacre, occurred when U.S. As such, visitors will have to use a bit of intuition to determine which road to take based on mileage and general direction. Provisions were growing short, and but for the buffalo we should have been in a bad way. The East Butte hills, whether rocky or grassy, gain trees at a certain elevation, but not on the sunny south faces. It is a steep, but beautiful walk from this point. Federal minerals in the Hills are now withdrawn from mineral entry to protect other resource values. The girls found that five unmarked graves were near Rowe's, including one for a schoolteacher named a Miss Naifus, who died on her wedding day in 1897. You've made a great decision! Also known as vanillagrass, mannagrass and holy grass, it is well known to many Indigenous people in Canada and the United States as a material for baskets, as well as a scent, medicine and smudge. There were places where, as far as the eye could reach, untold thousands were in sight, the country black with them. Sweet Grass Hills Agreement . Some of the more famous were The Cypress Hills Massacre, the Sweetgrass Hills Massacre, and the Seven Persons incident. Executive Summary. If the road is wet, it is generally best to wait a day to allow the route to dry out. The trailhead begins in remote, sparsely populated country only 5 miles south of Montana's border with the Canadian province of Alberta. The Whites then wanted revenge, so a group went hunting for natives, caught three Peigan and hanged them. [2][3] The tallest point in the hills is West Butte at 6,983 feet . Website design and hosting by Tempest Technologies, LLC. The Hills have been mined for coal, copper and gold, which continues today. The forts were given colorful names like Slide-out, Standoff, Whiskey Gap, Fort Whoop-Up, and Robber's Roost. You can cancel at any time. Ironically, the soldiers were in pursuit of a hostile band led by Mountain Chief, who was camped several miles downstream at the time of the attack. The Heavy Runner Band was camped on the Bear River during cold winter weather on January 23. With most of the men away hunting in the Sweet Grass Hills, the soldiers fired into the lodgers where women, children, and elderly slept. 1870 The Blackfoot Massacre, often called the Bear River Massacre, the Baker Massacre or the Marias Massacre. 1898 - Forty percent of the Blackfeet tribal cattle herd was lost. The Hills average 18-20 inches of annual precipitation or about double what falls on the surrounding prairie. The drive runs between Sunburst, MT, and Chester, MT. The upper slopes of the hills have not been glaciated and would have stood above the ice sheet that covered the area during the last ice age. 1887 A Code of Laws was enforced by three tribally elected leaders, along with Indian Agent Wood. The Heavy Runner Band was camped on the Bear River during cold winter . 1896 - A 20-mile wide strip of Blackfeet Reservation was ceded. The Blackfoot word for the area is Katoyisiks, which means "Sweet Pine . The main entrance to the cave is After a strenuous hike, one must be willing to get down and dirty to enter the chamber. On September 15th, they left for the Sweetgrass Hills in a snow storm. Very nice hike to the top of the highest point of the Sweet Grass Hills. Pablo, MT: Lincoln, NE: Salish Kootenai College Press; Distributed by University of Nebraska Press, 2010. Visitors should remember that these roads are rarely marked. Mountain range with well-recognized name. Though this treaty that identified Blackfeet land cessions was not ratified, settlers began moving into the areas that would have been ceded had the treaty been ratified. 1978 Earl Old Person became Chief of the Blackfeet Tribe. Because of uplift and erosion, the overlying rock formations have disappeared. Since White traders could make good money by trading whiskey, they headed north from Montana, out into the freedom of Whoop-Up country. I have a couple of questions for those of you who have hunted the Sweet Grass Hills in northern Montana. [6][7][8] The Hills were the site of a battle between Native people and wolfers in 1872. you'll find a wonderfully unique selection of traditional Native American food products and handcrafted items, perfect for sharing with your family and friends. Actual geological formations of the Sweetgrass Hills create additional mystery that continues to the present day. The farther west we travelled, the more plentiful became the buffalo. Located about 40 miles north of each town, as you get closer you can also see the smaller Haystack and Grassy Butte and that the East Butte area is really multiple mountains. He then states that the first death occurred on August 6th to a man of E troop who died from fever brought on by wet and exposure, and adds that "This event cast a gloom over the force.". Site of the Dempsey/Gibbons fight July 4, 1923. Highest Point. 1898 Forty percent of the Blackfeet tribal cattle herd was lost. 2,072. Beginning in Sunburst, the route travels through open, rolling, grassland prairie as it approaches West Butte. Please subscribe to keep reading. . As they marched west, they faced an uncertain future. It appears that a band View Full Article in Timesmachine , See the article in its original context from. Flashlights are unneeded, as the misty, green interior is highlighted by the overhead entrances. Shedied in 1902 and was buried in the Gold Butte Cemetery, which later was moved because of an underground spring. Waving his good conduct papers and medals, Heavy Runner was the first casualty of the Baker Massacre that cold January morning. Sweet Grass Hills. Once again though, in 1896, the U.S. government went back on their word as they . . Seli Nyonuntn = Medicine for the Salish Language: English to Salish Translation Dictionary. Only 300 were selected to go. RCMP Book Collection of S/Sgt. [6] [7] [8] The Hills were the site of a battle between Native people and wolfers in 1872. In 1888, left with no other choices, these once proud people were forced to sign the so-called "Sweet Grass Hills Treaty" - an agreement that gave the Blackfeet their present reservation, plus lands in the eastern side of present-day Glacier National Park. The grasslands in this part of Montana are beautiful, and visitors will likely come away with a new appreciation of the Montana prairie. In 2004, a joint border facility opened at the Sweetgrass port of entry and Coutts . The Blackfeet claimed the land was only provided for a 99 -year lease. This is where they waited while Colonel Mcleod went to Fort Benton in the United States, to arrange for supplies and to hire a . Their carts were loaded with pemmican and buffalo robes. Status. Reservations: Blackfeet Indian Reservation and Off-Reservation Trust Land. On January 23, 1870, soldiers commanded by Colonel Eugene Baker killed 173 Blackfeet Indians in a surprise attack on Heavy Runners camp near here on the MariasRiver. Bite-Size Bits of Local, National, and Global History, Photographed By Barry Swackhamer, August 22, 2020, The Baker Massacre. Like many other cultures, the Chippewa-Cree have a legend associated with the great floods of the world. Range Type. On the September 18th, they reached the foot of the Sweetgrass Hills where they stopped and pitched their tents. The best times to visit this trail are May through October. An introduction contains historic information that assists the reader to understand the mystery that shrouds these hills. 1994 Tribally controlled community colleges received Land Grant Status. Its easy to see why Napi choose the Sweetgrass Hills for a perfect little sanctuary. The Cypress Hills, site of the Assiniboine massacre that led to the establishment of the NWMP. I looked into a tunnel, hand-dug into the side of a hill, that was a 19th . From Medicine Hat. When the cheerleading coach broke the news to Katrina Kohel that she was the only one left on the cheer squad, Kohel was determined to compete anyway. Lewis and Clark called them the Broken Mountains, the French trappers dubbed them Les Trois Buttes. Sunburst is named for the mornings first rays of light cresting above the Sweetgrass Hills. This is where they waited while Colonel Mcleod went to Fort Benton in the United States, to arrange for supplies and to hire a guide. Land Area: be seen as far North . That story was mixed up with Rowe's over time. The raid resulted in a smallpox epidemic among the Blackfeet band. The route is remote, lonely, usually windy, utterly devoid of any services, and not always easy to navigate. Seasonal! The Lazy KY Ranch near Gold Butte later became a beautiful watercolor painting. West Butte (6983 ft/2128 m) Countries. It is Near Shelby in Toole County Montana. They "worked well and cheerfully under most trying and unfamiliar conditions." In Montana, trading whiskey to the Natives was illegal. Collaborative Action and Dispute Resolution, Camping is limited to 16 consecutive days at any one location, Pack out all refuse unless trash cans are provided, Dispose of sewage and petroleum products properly, All vehicles, including OHVs, must stay on roads and trails, Use only down and dead firewood for campfires. The remaining 34 miles of the drive south of Whitlash pass through more rolling prairie that provide excellent views of Gold Butte and Mt. ", Denny also notes that the men deserved a lot of praise. Overall, the Sweet Grass Hills Backcountry Drive is a superb route for those who enjoy rolling prairie and vast views. Montana's era of "Indian Wars" consisted of nearly a century of skirmishes, battles, and large-scale wars between the U.S. military and native nations, including Blackfeet, Sioux, Northern Cheyennes, Arapahos, Gros Ventres, and Nez Perces -- and the army's Crow and Shoshone allies. Jul 12, 2010. Last edited on 13 February 2023, at 17:40, "Disputing the Medicine Line-The Plains Crees and the Canadian-American Border, 1876-1885", http://opi.mt.gov/pdf/IndianEd/IEFA/FortPeckTimeline.pdf, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sweet_Grass_Hills&oldid=1139156526, This page was last edited on 13 February 2023, at 17:40. You can see the Rocky Mountains on the West and Canada on the North. The Blackfeet Tribe is one of only 6 tribes that still lives on a portion of their ancestral lands. . Metis trader Abe Farwell establishes a trading post in Cypress Hills. Today it is still operating as a boarding dormitory. Brown, before linking up with the Sweet Grass Hills Backcountry Drive to the south of Mt. 1818 The US and Canadian border was established. The mining town once boasted 500 people, a school, hotel, and saloon, but only a cemetery remains today. Twenty-two Natives died. Touch for directions. These immense bands were moving north, and there seemed no end to them. Head out on this 4.0-mile out-and-back trail near Sweet Grass, Montana. Perhaps the people with the strongest connection to the mountains are the Blackfoot tribe. This "ceded strip" is known today as Glacier National Park. This "ceded strip" is known today as Glacier Park. [box]The Montana Tribal Histories Reservation Timelines are collections of significant events as referenced by tribal representatives, in existing texts, and in the Montana tribal colleges history projects. At the end of the attack, 217 people were killed. Braiding Sweetgrass: Indigenous Wisdom, Scientific Knowledge, and the Teachings of Plants by Robin Wall Kimmerer, Potawatomi Nation member, scientist and professor is an uplifting, rich book for the contemporary reader. Other named peaks in the small group are Gold Butte (6,512ft[1,985m]), East Butte (with two peaks, the taller of which at 6,958ft[2,121m]), and Mount Lebanon (5,807ft[1,770m]). Get up-to-the-minute news sent straight to your device. The Blackfoot Massacre, often called the Bear River Massacre, the Baker Massacre, or the Marias Massacre. For those wishing an extended drive through the Sweet Grass Hills, there is an eastern alternate route available. United States (87%), Canada (13%) (numbers are approximate percentage of range area) States/Provinces. Out of the 16 White men who took part in the Cypress Hills Massacre, the Mounties were only able to bring three before the courts. The 1874 Executive Order moved the southern boundary north from the Sun River to the Marias River. The Hills were created by an igneous intrusion through older sedimentary rocks during the Eocene, about 50 million years ago. All Rights Reserved. An ancient vision quest to the top of these mountains led to the discovery of the Sun Dance. The pointed peak of Mount Brown in the Sweet Grass Hills as seen from the tiny town of Whitlash. Generally considered a moderately challenging route. Towering above the rolling prairie, the Sweet Grass Hills are one of the more noticeable geographic features in Montana. A few miles beyond West Butte, the Sweet Grass Hills Scenic Drive reaches the junction with Highway 552. Learn how your comment data is processed. His people did not participate in Clarke's killing nor were they hiding the perpetrators of the crime. This trail is great for birding, camping, and hiking, and it's unlikely you'll encounter many other people while exploring. His people did not participate in Clarkes killing nor were they hiding the perpetrators of the crime. Many elk, antelope, and a multitude of birds live around these mountains, but not many people. The Cypress Hills Massacre: In June of 1873, a group of Wolfers had their horses stolen by some Cree. The gods created them, so perhaps one day you should visit them. Sweet Grass Hills are a series of low mountains between 3,000 and 7,000 feet above sea level that lie in Whitlash, Montana in Liberty and Toole County. Looking north while along the HiLine between Shelby and Chester, youll see three distinct buttes: West Butte, Middle Butte, and East Butte. The treaty was ratified in 1856. That place exists to this day. They were looking for excitement and adventure in the "Wild West." Not far at all over the Medicine Line; in fact, the Sweetgrass Hills in Montana are visible in the distance . 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