With gangs truly forming during the 1980s and 1990s, the Central District would become one of the first neighborhoods of Seattle gangs. So, but that was the most important thing that I had was to learn how to teach young people how to think positive, you know, think positive about themselves, and be able to visualize, you know, them doing something positive with their life. Northwest Gangs:The most difficult part was mapping out the South End area, which is traditionally the Gangster Disciples and the Crips. -1980s Chicago. A lock ( According to six warrants, Antonio Lamar Banks, 25, is accused of kidnapping, aggravated child molestation and criminal gang activity for incidents inside a Lithonia home back in the spring and summer in 2016. Shauntay "Shake". You put positive things in there then youre going to be move forward and have success. Gangster Disciples graffiti in Chicago, Illinois The indictment stated that Clayton held the rank of Chief Enforcer. His job was to punish those who broke gang rules, with violent means, if necessary. I just he just started coming around. And say Oh, Aaron, this is silly. He was a victim of opportunity, and they saw fit to shoot him in the back when he tried to flee from this violent encounter.. I am the power within. According to the FBI, Shauntay Lamarr Craig was taken into custody at a home in Marrero, La. Following the rise of L.A. gang cultures popularity in pop culture and the rise of the drug trade, the city of Seattle began to adopt various gang affiliations during the 1980s and the 1990s. And a lot of the kids I worked with in Seattle, they had came from LA, because their parents were trying to get em away. In the 1960s they where known as Devil Disciples as part of 10 other sub sets of the BGD nation . endstream endobj 199 0 obj <> endobj 200 0 obj <> endobj 201 0 obj <>stream That tends to mix in a little of everybody, no matter where youre at. To me it seems like they all blend in together. At the time, the nine men arrested were linked to the Hate Committee.. more lit 2022-10-19. Bloods (some sets), Folk Nation, Simon City Royals Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Perry Harris, 29, of Cape Girardeau, an alleged Treasurer and Chief of Security for the state of Missouri, is charged with RICO conspiracy, murder in aid of racketeering, attempted murder in aid of racketeering, and related firearms crimes. Pena was sentenced to two consecutive life terms without the possibility of parole, plus 40 years. Once a week, and I guarantee you they will be better students. And I didnt know how it would come off. The gangs are in Seattle. No Thanks While this case isnt the first, nor will it be the last, he has his eye on the issue. Aaron Dixon has written a book titled My People are Rising. The Vice Lord Nation is the oldest street gang in Chicago followed by the Black Gangster Disciple Nation, also known as the Gangster Disciples We talking about 15, 16, 17 year old kids involved in homicide. Longtime Gangster Disciples Leader Victor Thompson Sentenced To 28 Years In Prison For 10-Year Drug Distribution Conspiracy Drug Enforcement Administration Robert J. Later that evening as the defendants drive their stolen vehicle near the Wynview Apartments near Central Drive, where they spot someone they believe to be a rival gang member. Im working with all these young people who are gangs, you know, and a lot of other, my fellow workers were also working with gangs, and we were trying to, you know, save as many young people as we could. And I started working with young people in West Seattle who were gang involved. Many of these neighborhoods had a reputation from the 1970s to the start of the 2000s, but gentrification has changed the landscape of the streets within the Seattle ghetto, displacing many from the old neighborhoods into places Kent, Federal Way, and more communities further south from Seattles inner city. But authorities said the alleged good deeds were not as they seemed. But to think about affirmations, you got to keep saying them. Introduction The Gangster Disciples formed in 1974 as a 60-man operation by 1995 had matured into a centralized criminal organization with nearly 30000 members in Chicago alone spreading its Premium Gang Prison Prison gang 9823 Words 40 Pages Powerful Essays Read More Larry Hoover & the Gangster Disciples FBI releases second annual compliation of cargo theft data. In May 2016, a gang suspect told police that charity work was legitimate. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Defendants were also accused of trafficking heroin, cocaine and methamphetamine as well credit card fraud. But those two [Valley Hood Piru and West Side Street Mobb] are the gangs that dominate that area. These questions and more can now be answered by Google. Before the mid-1900s, many African Americans, Asians, and other ethnic groups that were not white lived around South Jackson Street, due to redlining and being prohibited from living elsewhere in the city. The gang, Horn said, was responsible for at least 10 murders, 12 attempted murders and numerous other crimes in the metro Atlanta area in the last few years. He came from middle class families and grandparents from Africa. How has the map changed since the last version? In January 1969, David Barksdale, leader of eh Disciple Nation, developed a broader vision about the mission and purpose of street organizations (commonly referred to as "street gangs"). Snoop Dogg (East Side Long Beach Rollin 20's Crips) Nipsey Hussle (Rollin 60's Neighborhood Crips) Big Bad 40 (Colton City Crips) Ice Cube (111 Neighborhood Crips) Young Buck (5 Deuce Hoover. Now, prior to 1980s, black kids did not go to foster care. They are violent; they are terrifying. In the early morning hours of July 30, 2015, Broxton, Pena and other Hate Committee members cruise the Central Drive area searching for people to kill based on their orders. Through his work at the . More than 50 alleged members were taken down in a sting operation soon after; charges ranged from murder, attempted murder, robbery, extortion and arson as well as drug trafficking and financial fraud. That was actually told to me by a Down Wit Tha Crew member. And so you had this whole neighborhood warfare going on. And I couldnt tell them, what Im gonna tell? AUDIO: Terrified 20-year-old makes desperate call. James said the gang had a division known as Growth and Development that hosted charity events. Among the crimes alleged in the indictment are two gang-related murders. According to authorities, Pena and Broxton followed orders by gang leaders to seek out "violators" people who allegedly didn't follow gang rules or pretended to be Gangster Disciple membersand commit other crimes in the Central Drive area of Stone Mountain. w&N+KdRf{A3l&V EaFb$EP~yDi{k\buA>O" l^1\8 They're an extremely violent gang, and we are making every effort we can to dismantle them to the best of our ability, but they're very entrenched in the community.. But everything erupted inside the mansion where he lived, when one of his Diamond Kitties, a 20-year-old mother who feared for her life, called 911 alleging that King Lop, aka 33-year-old Kenndric Roberts, was holding her and seven other women captive, forcing them to work as strippers and threatening their lives if they left. King County wants to know, XFL is back in Seattle heres what you need to know, Legislation seeks to strenghten Washingtons abortion laws, Robbery suspect ends up hiding in a tree | Podcast. A detective from the King County Sheriffs gang unit says that although the territory map contains some useful and accurate information, it should be taken with a sizable grain of salt. Campbell, whom the pair attempt to rob, is awakened from his sleep and shot in the neck and leg. But from the 1960s to as late as the 1990s, many white families began to leave parts of the South End, mostly Beacon Hill and Rainier Valley, as other ethnic groups were slowly moving into the area, due to discriminatory acts on housing limitations. Os Gangster Disciples so uma gangue afro-americana de rua e priso, formada no lado Sul de Chicago no final dos anos 1960 por Larry Hoover, lder dos Supreme Gangsters, e David Barksdale, lder dos Black Disciples. According to the DeKalb County District Attorney's Office, a jury returned guilty verdicts against Joseph Broxton, 22, and Daniel Pena, 24, on multiple charges, including murder, felony murder, aggravated assault, criminal attempt to commit armed robbery and violation of the Street Gang Terrorism and Prevention Act. 198 0 obj <> endobj When you were working with the youth, what were you seeing as things that seemed to resonate with people? The site is maintained by a 31-year-old Yakima native named Brad, who keeps his last name secret to guard against potential backlash from gang members. Subscribe Forty-five indicted defendants were taken into custody today across nine states, while three remain at large. And became he becomes the youngest person in the state of Washington sentenced to life in prison. And so, you know, some of the kids who grad- they all graduated, but some of the kids who left they ended up getting into trouble anyway because they stopped saying their affirmations. Anthony Dobbins, 53, of Troy, Illinois, an alleged national Board Member, is charged with RICO conspiracy, murder in aid of racketeering, and related firearms crimes. The CD [Central District] is that way too. May 4, 2016 1:29 PM PT. EXCLUSIVE | Grand jury indicts human trafficking suspect on all charges judge previously dismissed, RELATED | Human trafficking suspect allegedly holds 8 women captive in million-dollar home. Spanish Gangster Disciples. As a street gang, the Gangster Disciples had a board of directors, governors, regents, coordinators and, of course, soldiers to do the dirty work. [SIGN UP: WSB-TV Daily Headlines Newsletter] Theyre the largest gang we are facing in the streets and in the prisons.. 100,000 (estimate) And so one day, I decided that I was going to introduce them to affirmations. According to the indictment, the Gangster Disciples is a violent street and prison gang founded in the 1960s that has engaged in large-scale drug trafficking and violence throughout the United States. Seattle A Seattle man trafficking large amounts of cocaine in the Seattle area as a leader of a violent street gang was sentenced today in U.S. District Court in Seattle to 150 months in prison, announced U.S. Attorney Brian T. Moran. But the Crips came up to Seattle. 50 Strong (Gangster Disciples set) 8. florida gangster disciples Tatko na pesmaricu. j4}T}NN[Pan8(QEB#Phn[F= H The name represents the year 2003 when the gangs were started in Indianapolis. The Black Gangster Disciples Nation (BGDN), normally known simply as Gangster Disciples (GD) became the gang they are today in 1969, when leaders from the Black Disciples and the High Supreme Gangsters met to decide the fate of their own organizations. Brad defends his methodology, but also includes a disclaimer that acknowledges that the map is a rough estimate of where certain gangs hang out and operate. He took a few minutes to discuss some of the more interesting elements of the map, and Seattle gangs in general. The U.S. attorney in Atlanta announced on Wednesday a sweeping racketeering indictment against the Gangster Disciples, a multistate criminal organization accused or murder, extortion, drug dealing . They came into my office in the morning, I open up the file cabinent, they put all their guns in there and after school they came and got them, you know, cuz I had to build trust with them too. The federal indictment was unsealed today in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Illinois. And so thats the only way that I could keep them in school and make sure they graduated. Closer to downtown there is gang activity on Yesler Terrace (never park your car on the freeway overpass) and a spot on 3rd and Pine. High 82F. View the most known Seattle hoods, a short tour through the streets of the Seattle ghetto and highlighting areas where, over the years, numerous Seattle gangs have been known to roam. Larry Hoover is a founder and former leader of the Chicago street gang the Gangster Disciples, and was the Vice President of the Black Gangster Disciple Nation when he combined his gang with the Black Disciple Nation temporarily. They are heavily organized, using code language to communicate, and have been reported in the news to use children as young as 8 years old to smuggle guns and drugs and carry out gang executions. When police got to the million-dollar suburban home on Strauss Lane, they found eight women inside, all alleging that Roberts was holding them against their will. Now completely demolished, the area has less of a Blood gang presence, and possibly one of the citys worse homelessness problems. The problem, he argued, is that its hard to completely rid the metro Atlanta area of the entire gang because they are spread throughout the countieseach community with an independent chapter of its own, rather than a hierarchy structure for leadership. Some people have said its the I-90 bridge, but I think where that Burger King is is accurate. When I was growing up, we had these superficial gangs, you know, we had names, and we carried switchblades. Years before the newly rebuilt community, High Point was occupied by the likes of the Point Side Gangsters, and various gangs of Bloods and Crips, along with Samoans and Pacific Islands, Hispanics, and Asians. So his father, his older brother was gang involved. Os dois grupos se uniram para formar a Black Gangster Disciple Nation (BGDN). Since the 1970s, the Gangster Disciples served as a highly structured gang, with roots in Chicago that spread across the country. Rivals Black Disciples, Black P. Stones, Bloods, Crips, Latin Kings, Mickey Cobras, People Nation, Vice Lords You know, it was nothing serious. I know certain gangs hang out in certain areas. Yuko Kodama 12:20 And they had, they had to protect themselves and defend themselves. . All the women in the house were having sex with Roberts, she said. But his father left and went back to Africa, his mother had to raise three kids by herself. As the years went on, Holly Park would later become one of the citys most reputable of all Seattle hoods, especially in the citys South End. Since the Gangster Disciples and Black Disciples departed, there are six subgroups of the Gangster Disciples, which split into more local subgroups or "sets". The indictment also stated that fellow gang members shot one recruit who refused to help with a community clean-up project and were involved in numerous murders, shootings, drug deals and robberies. Jackson Street would later transform into the Asian community of the International District and the African American community of the Central District. Which are responsible for all the graffiti tags in South Park? And his brother gets sent to prison because this Ethiopian store owner testified against him. There are a lot of people in the community that did step up, you know, like, the young the football coaches and the baseball coaches, and, you know, other sports, you know, they would bring kids in, some of them would take the kids home and, you know, everybodys trying to save, you know, save our community. And why is the dividing line between Central District and South Seattle gang territory a Burger King? OLYMPIA A day after the U.S. Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade last June, Democratic Gov. Am@w#r`/R}(UG#t>>6Fdr^jz^jJ|^ f Ethnicities Where does Gangster Disciples come from? The Gangster Disciples is a violent gang that began in Chicago in the 1970s when the Black Disciples and the Supreme Gangsters merged, the indictment says. This is stupid. Larry Hoover had put together the Gangster Disciple Nation, which would vie for power and battle the Stones and Disciples for years to come. ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. You cant bring no gun to school. Theyre not gonna listen to me. In chicago the gangster disciples have a long and bitter rivalry with the black disciples. Gangster disciples laws. Seattle Main Office: And thats what they did. Sean Clemon, 50, of Cape Girardeau, Missouri, the alleged Governor of the state of Missouri, is charged with RICO conspiracy, murder in aid of racketeering, attempted murder in aid of racketeering, and related firearms crimes. These were gang involved kids. FULL LIST | 32 alleged gang members indicted in Georgia. Theres really no way to pinpoint some of those areas. They are also represented by the colors Blue and Black. . We are prepared to stand shoulder-to-shoulder to fight this fight, and we are seeing the community become more active as well., Sea-Tac Airport receives $16 million to shorten security lines, Western Washington could see snow showers through Tuesday. A lock () or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. emailStay Connected Among the many threats to her, she said, he also threatened to hurt the other womens families. Hoover was born on November 30, 1950 in Jackson, Mississippi. Yeah, thank you so much. So I did. =L;JFsz^8}M!6ze/\9u^PTPnv,5zGL]}q$AG5'q7PvHQD6i6wM+wy9u9C u^|su1qw{^jIMe6Y=u_ ETy~v6||zI]A5hleWrz?(8@4BVyCm~zP5HwY6;{~?nnHXq~U hYFF,!IT4CZF>p6,$|de[22:!V . The gang is now active in at least 25 states. The crack epidemic of the 80s and 90s and its entanglement with increased gun presence and gang activity deeply impacted communities throughout the US. As mentioned, the Central District, once centered around 23rd Avenue, was originally created through segregation and racial discrimination, leading to the citys black community to be solely based in the Central District during the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. 227 0 obj <>stream The charges and allegations in the indictment are merely accusations, and the defendants are presumed innocent unless and until proven guilty. MORE | Indictment: Suspected gang members allegedly threatened rapper Rick Ross on video. A Gangster Disciples leader from Birmingham has been sentenced to decades in federal prison for his role in a racketeering conspiracy involving murder and drug trafficking. King County Solid Waste Division will have an online food waste survey open until April 30. Dont carry no guns. They too were recruited through the dating website, as well as through his company, Live Star Nations Instagram page and other strip clubs. They started saying them. I didnt know if they would laugh at me. Theyre not so apt to like come into a group, you know, a gang intervention group, you know. In May 2016, federal authorities announced 50 indictments for alleged gang members in Atlanta after details emerged about a local rapper who said he was threatened in a video by the gangs members. A locked padlock The gang has strict rules prohibiting members from cooperating. The Black Disciple Gangster Nation (BDGN) is a gang that was formed in the south side of Chicago in 1960 when two rival gangs, the Black Disciple Nation (led by David Barksdale) and the Gangster Nation (led by Larry Hoover) combined to become one group under co-leadership. The two park, exit the car and open fire on the suspected rival, who returns gunfire. A very small neighborhood, and one of the citys oldest communities, South Park changed following the 1960s with the city rezoning the neighborhood into a large industrial area. Thats when DeKalb County Police officer Vancito Gumbs allegedly began his involvement with the street gang. I started reading books about positive thinking and about affirmations and creating affirmative things to say, you know, that made me feel better and made me feel that I could achieve things. It does fluctuate when people get arrested, or some people get harassed by cops for selling drugs and get pushed off the corner. These kids have gone into foster care system. Black, Blue. hb```f````g` @VsGF6cR, L_HnFD&K=S00He4KzO\Yi$m %WvplrKP%P%jKOp4Vt0w40Vtw4Utw4Bx.J'0p~9([a/bz.6i BB,,+/0L[r)4#bY>8@ ] FBI.gov is an official site of the U.S. Department of Justice. She and the other women, she recounted, were not allowed to speak to any black men at the clubs, and that Roberts had people staked out, watching them at the clubs while they worked. Black Disciples. Hes working Hes currently working on a second book about the impact of the drug epidemic on black families. So I could either turn them in, and they would get expelled because the school had a zero policy. [5][Full citation needed][page . This is 91.3 KBCS listener supported radio. Much of the drug proceeds were laundered through area casinos, with MORGAN depositing more than $750,000 between January 2017 and January 2018. Also referred to as "Brothers in the Struggle," Gangster Disciples is a violent criminal gang founded in Chicago and now active in numerous U.S. states, including Tennessee. They where apart of the GDs in a big group called BGD's but after Barksdale died, the group broke apart and started rivalries . Founder(s) But it was all reinforced by Ronald Reagan. The case is being prosecuted by Assistant United States Attorneys Vince Lombardi, Erin Becker and Nicholas Manheim. Also, Down Wit Tha Crew: Their main territory is 53rd and Henderson. Theyll come to downtown to sell drugs and go home when the day is over. Tavarez was a young man who didn't do anything wrong, didn't deserve what happened to him. The Drug Enforcement Administration Cape Girardeau Resident Officeinvestigated this case with theATF, FBI, Federal Bureau of Prisons, IRS Criminal Investigation, Missouri Department of Corrections, Illinois State Police, the Major Case Squad of Greater St. Louis, Bridgeton Police Department, Cape Girardeau Police Department, and Chicago Police Department. Broxton was sentenced to three consecutive life terms without the possibility of parole, plus 60 years. Boss City (Gangster Disciples set) That was a beautiful thing to hear him say Ive had other kids say that too the only reason why I come to school, Aaron, is to say these affirmations. Murder in aid of racketeering is a death-eligible offense. There are absolutely going to be consequences for gang members that perpetrate this violence, and here at the Cobb DA we are going to use every tool we have available to us to fight them, including strict sentencing guidelines to make sure we can take some of these violent offenders off the streets, Evans said. Anywhere north of the Burger King is CD territory, anywhere south is South End territory. There's really no one way to combat the gang problem we're facing right now, admitted Evans. The map was produced by Northwest Gangs (nwgangs.com), a website that documents gang graffiti across the region and tracks gang-related crime. While many minorities were not welcomed, their recruitment were used as tools to help put an end to the local strikes by Seattles white workers. Sunny. You know, we really didnt know exactly how to go about doing what we were doing. It quickly spread to Georgia, where the FBI has tracked the group for decades. The government presented evidence at trial to make the case that the Gangster Disciples were responsible for 25 shootings from 2011 through 2015, as well as trafficking large amounts of drugs . In all, 42 defendants have pleaded guilty in connection with the drug trafficking conspiracy. With the second Gangster Disciples murder prosecution under his belt, Evans isnt giving up and is ready to fight and continue prosecuting its members. I didnt want to post info I wasnt sure about. Official websites use .gov He just said its common knowledge within the gangs that the Burger King on Rainier Avenue South is kind of like the dividing line. chase koch wife; foreclosed properties quebec; if she'd had more self awareness grammar; bluepearl specialty and emergency pet hospital locations; best defensive tactics fm22; How did you decide on the dividing line between the Central District and the South Side? African-American (majority), Asian-American, Caucasian, Hispanic, Native-American Yeah. Located in West Seattle, during World War II (1940s), the need for housing of wartime workers led the city of Seattle to develop housing projects in various locations around the city, one being High Point of West Seattle. An official website of the United States government. And I explained to them the power of the mind, how the mind works, what you put in your mind thats what you get. She said that she was also prohibited from talking to any of her friends from before her time at the mansion. At that time, she said, she and the other women living there, signed a contract with Roberts, and were promised a $200,000 signing bonus, as well as another $150,000 once they completed the contract. Bell Special Agent in Charge Chicago @DEAChicagoDiv August 24, 2012 Contact: Luis Agostini Phone Number: 312-353-7875 For Immediate Release A diverse city of whites, blacks, Hispanics, Pacific Islanders, and Asians, there are various hoods scattered throughout the Seattle metropolitan. HWr#WEz?f,|Ej,bBawl ~=y2+Z*qNf^9i8:q.%WSrX9>Lv9.ZoI~ =]Wzkv/|zhvf-uW'sNocZ,{mYMfR#l)!oq .elS6'cs,_MK&$orK0O&g>Vxu&V,ns#Z+%V He says he created the site in 2004 after a series of gang shootings in his hometown. We are not going to hold back when it comes to going after them. RELATED | Indictment outlines long, brutal history. Prosecutors alleged that the two were members of the Hate Committee, a local subsidiary of the Gangster Disciples. 1969-Present endstream endobj startxref The area at Third and Pine is notorioustell me about the two gangs that are active there, according to your map? If convicted of the racketeering conspiracy charged in Count 1, each defendant could receive as much as life in prison and a $250,000 fine. RELATED | Prosecutors: 'Gangster Disciples' gang members killing spree detailed. DETAILS | Police: Gang member molested child as part of initiation. You know, he had his own car, 14 years old. A guy from Chicago, he was with the Black Gangster Disciples in Chicago, and he created the Black Gangster Disciples in Seattle, and they became the rival to the Crips and Bloods in Seattle. gangster disciples in california snoopy's breed codycross is it bad to eat an unripe nectarine gangster disciples in california February 25, 2023 Posted by A large portion of the citys South End is located in the two neighborhoods of Beacon Hill and Rainer Valley, which have become the heart of the citys most known side of town, home to various Seattle gangs, like the Crips, Hoovers, and Gangster Disciples. And so all 17 of those boys graduated. We have a healthy awareness of the situation we are facing in dealing with this gang.. %%EOF At that time, DeKalb County District Attorney Robert James called their crimes in Atlanta a reign of terror and said the gang was a serious threat to the city. The Gangster Disciples are a national gang with roots in Chicago, Illinois dating back to the 1970s, according to Acting U.S. Attorney Bobby L. Christine, the charges and other information . "It's house of full of girls and if I try to leave, hell try to kill me," the young woman told the 911 dispatcher at 7:31 a.m. Jonesboro, GA (30236) Today. Im Yuko Kodama and this is KBCS. In fact, the deeds were done to impress potential young recruits and their parents. According to court documents, the scope of the groups crimes is broadfrom violent crimes and threats of violence to drug trafficking to financial crimes like credit card and bank fraud. According to the documents, Banks burned a male juvenile repeatedly with a lit cigarette and forced him into a sexual act as part of a gang initiation into the Gangster Disciples. You know, we would say the affirmations three times, then I gave them a list of affirmations to take home. The 16 Laws of the Gangster Disciples are the rules and principles that were handed down by the organization's founder Larry Hoover through memoranda while he was imprisoned. They later had disagreements, which led to the . And this went on up until, you know, up until the 2000s, and it was a breakdown of the family to break down the humanity. According to U.S. Attorney John Horn, the gang was responsible for at least 10 murders, 12 attempted murders and many other crimes including what police called the Bloody Summer crimes last year. The gang employs a structured hierarchy, with leadership positions such as national "Board Members" and state "Governors." Please enable your javascript to have a better view of the website. He kept cameras rolling in the house to keep a close eye on everything that happened. Frank Smith, 47, of Naperville, Illinois, an alleged national Board Member, is charged withRacketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization (RICO)conspiracy, murder in aid of racketeering, attempted murder in aid of racketeering, and related firearms crimes. Growing a fierce reputation and the nationwide trend of gentrifying public housing projects, Yesler Terrace eventually met its demise during the early 2010s. Forty-eight alleged members of the violent Gangster Disciples gangincluding the top leaders in Tennessee and Georgiahave been charged in two indictments, accused of conspiring to participate in a racketeering enterprise that included multiple murders, attempted murder, and drug crimes. In 1989 a decline in leadership caused friction between Larry Hoover and David Barksdale, and the Black Gangster Disciple Nation divided into two gangs, being the Gangster Disciples (ran by Larry Hoover) and the Black Disciples (ran by David Barksdale).
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