The case of DLBCL showing HPV DNA positivity (case 6). The number of cases in the present study was low, so further studies will be needed to better understand the relationship between HPV infection and lymphoma of the base of the tongue. All rights reserved. In the orofacial region, RLH most often occurs in the oropharynx, Waldeyers tonsillar ring, the soft palate, the lateral tongue, and the floor of the mouth.2 Waldeyers ring includes the lingual and palatine tonsils, the adenoids, lymphoid follicles located on the posterolateral tongue in the area of the foliate papillae, and level 1 lymph nodes in the floor of the mouth. [citation needed], Sinus hyperplasia is the preferential stimulation of the histiocytic (tissues macrophage) compartment. These lymphoid tissues are controlled by specialized cells that arm themselves to attack and destroy foreign invaderssuch as bacteria, fungi, or virusesthrough phagocytosis or the production of antibodies. Hi, my biopsy says reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, does it means it is benign? The same study also showed that lymphoma at this site is always early stage [21, 24]. Before 2013 Dec;137(12):1837-42. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2012-0678-RS. A woman in her fourth decade was admitted with a one-month history of pharyngeal foreign body sensation. Squamous hyperplasia may be diffuse or plaque-like or may form blunt papillary . Please review the contents of the article and, 10.1002/1097-0142(196909)24:3<487::aid-cncr2820240310>3.0.co;2-7, "Benign lymphoid hyperplasia of the tongue base causing upper airway obstruction", "Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia of the thyroid followed by systemic autoimmune diseases: a case report", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lymphoid_hyperplasia&oldid=1056231780, Articles needing additional medical references from July 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles requiring reliable medical sources, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 20 November 2021, at 15:19. Content on HealthTap (including answers) should not be used for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, and interactions on HealthTap do not create a doctor-patient relationship. This report adds valuable knowledge to the possible virus infection status of tongue NHL, due to its rare occurrence. [citation needed], It is one common source of appendicitis, as it may cause an obstruction of the appendiceal lumen, resulting in the subsequent filling of the appendix with mucus, causing it to distend and internal pressure to increase. His IPI score was 2(low to intermediate risk group). What are chaces of malignancy?What precautions for future shud i take? P16 stains the nucleolus and cytoplasm. Please note, we cannot prescribe controlled substances, diet pills, antipsychotics, or other abusable medications. 2004;103:27582. May SA, Jones D, Medeiros LJ, Duvic M, Prieto VG, Lazar AJ. This entity was first described in 1973 by Adkins. Disclaimer. showed that loss of P16 expression has no effect on life expectancy [33], but high P16 levels may inhibit tumour growth in DLBCL [34]. The patient received two cycles of GDP (gemcitabine, dexamethasone, cisplatin) and seven cycles of CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone) chemotherapy. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Google Scholar. The patient was kept on a three-week course of tapering prednisone and proton-pump inhibitors. 2005;34:3915. Accessibility The clinical stage was IV A. The other two cases were mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and peripheral T cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL, NOS). Google Scholar. Only one widely disseminated case has been referenced, which involved cervical nodes, major salivary glands, orbits, and mediastinum [4]. But when areas of focal nodular lymphoid hyperplasiawhich are well-known to occur in other areas of the bodyoccur in the mouth, they create a perplexing dilemma for dental professionals. Lee JH, Lee SH. Imaging and pathological findings of PTCL (case 3). the ENT DR was lovely. Am J Hematol. 7982, 2009. Neville BW, Damm DD, Allen CM, Chi AC. Cancer. Zhiyong Liang or Beverly Wang. The surface of the tongue in this area is made up primarily of lymphoid tissue known as the lingual tonsil. When we think of lymphoid hyperplasia in the oral cavity, we often think of localized increases of lymph node tissue. 1997;76:356. Review of the preoperative anaesthesia records revealed no features of airway obstruction nor B symptoms on clinical history. The tongue has a rich network of lymphatics that drain to neck levels I-III, which is the usual pattern of spread when these tumors metastasize. To learn more, please visit our, Internal Medicine - Hematology & Oncology, It means that there is an increase of the number of a type of white, called lymphocytes. Arch Pathol Lab Med. Other features include presence of white spaces and lymphocytes (large cells) within sinuses. Lymphoid hyperplasia of the tongue is a very rare benign lymphoproliferative lesion that closely resembles carcinoma or lymphoma, clinically or histopathologically. The majority of existing head and neck reports are of hyperplasia in the oral cavity, namely, of the mucosa overlying the hard palate, and are limited to the dental and pathology literature [3]. FOIA These included 196 cases of extranodal lymphoma (NHL) occurring in the head and neck, among which seven cases arose from the base of tongue. 2000 Apr;122(4):607-10. doi: 10.1067/mhn.2000.98362. Diagn Cytopathol. This article is available as a PDF only. 2018 Aug;275(8):1945-1953. doi: 10.1007/s00405-018-5041-1. 37, no. Head Neck. The DLBCL, NOS cases were further divided into GC and NGC B cell like subtypes based on immunohistochemical expression of CD10, Bcl-6 and Mum1 [11]. Baran M, Canoz O, Altuntas H, Sivgin S, Cetin M, Yay A, Ketenci S. Immunohistochemical investigation of P16, P53 and Ki-67's prognostic values in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Video chat with a U.S. board-certified doctor 24/7 in a minute. Pribuisiene R, Uloza V, Siupsinskiene N, Butkus E, Kupcinskas L. Al-Asoom L, Al-Rubaish AM, El-Munshid HA, Al-Nafaie AN, Bukharie HA, Abdulrahman IS. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Spontaneous regression has also been reported. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Under the microscope, normal tissue was replaced by diffuse large atypical lymphocytes with relatively abundant cytoplasm. Abstract. I understand that this is benign, but what could be the cause? Benign Lymphoid Hyperplasia of the Tongue Base Causing Upper Airway Obstruction Severe benign lymphoid hyperplasia (LH) is unusual in the head and neck region, but the diagnosis of LH is of clinical importance as it may be confused with malignant lymphoma, both on clinical examination and pathologically. Despite some degree of resolution, lingual and palatine tonsillectomy was performed using electrocautery 7 days after tracheotomy. Three patients are alive with disease and 2 are alive without disease. 3). Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Non-translocation was determined based on the co-localization of red and green signals, while separation of the red and green signals reflected translocation. Sirsath NT, Lakshmaiah KC, Das U, Lokanatha D, Chennagiri SP, Ramarao C. Primary extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of oral cavity--a single Centre retrospective study. Otolaryngologic manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux. https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.12189. Google Scholar. volume15, Articlenumber:30 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2005.09.020. Samples were assayed using a BOND HPV probe set specific to HPV subtypes 16, 18, 31, 33 and 51 (Bond Ready-to-Use ISH HPV Probe, CAT # PB0829) on the Leica BOND-MAX system. Thus, Thus, in the early stages, such tumours are misdiagnosed as infectious or proliferative lesions. Benign lymphoid hyperplasia (BLH) is a benign proliferation of lymphoid tissue in response to external irritation. Maheshwari GK, Baboo HA, Gopal U, Wadhwa MK. Is it always necessary to carry out a biopsy on lymphoid hyperplasia or is endoscopic examination and MRI enough to decide that it is benign? Aggregates of lymphoid tissue are all over the oral mucosa, but they are often prominent in the soft palate, uvula, and pharynx. This might be because HPV subtype for this patient is different and is not covered by RNAscope HPV HR 18(RS-8002),or this case is a little bit old and RNA was not well preserved in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks. Guastafierro S, Falcone U, Celentano M, Cappabianca S, Giudice A, Colella G. Primary mantle-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the tongue. Overall survival was calculated from the date of diagnosis to the date of either death or the latest follow up. https://doi.org/10.4149/BLL_2017_116. Am J Clin Pathol. Most DLBCL cases of the tongue base had no Bcl-2, Bcl-6, or c-Myc rearrangement and they were sensitive to rituximab. HIV serology was negative. TIA, SOX10 was obtained from Beijing XiYaJinQiao Biological Technology Co. Ltd. China. c. Some tumour cells were medium-sized with a clear cytoplasm (200x). 2010;47:846. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the 4th ed. showed that 74% of DLBCL cases have P16 methylation and a relatively old age [32]. California Privacy Statement, She can be contacted at nburkhart@tamhsc.edu. His CT and MRI scans found only thickness of the oropharyngeal wall and epiglottal folds, and a superficial biopsy revealed only inflammation. Positive and negative controls were included in each batch of staining. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22822-8_13. Terms and Conditions, For the in situ detection of high-risk HPV integration at the mRNA level, the RNAscope FFPE 2.5 HD detection kit (Brown) (CAT #322310) was used according to the manufacturers instructions. https://doi.org/10.1309/YHFE-R65B-D3LK-3GGV. J Cancer Res Ther. doi: 10.1148/radiology.144.4.7111732. Acta Oncol. Baran et al. Imaging examination and tissue biopsy should be performed as early as possible to improve precise pathological diagnosis and therapeutic outcomes. She is founder and cohost of the International Oral Lichen Planus Support Group (dentistry.tamhsc.edu/olp) and coauthor of General and Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist, now in its third edition. Ear Nose Throat J. Epub 2018 Jun 25. or a reactive lymphoid proliferation to an unknown antigenic stimulation [2]. Here we present a literature review and case series of seven patients with NHL of the tongue base. Written informed consent was obtained from each patient. PET-CT/CT/MRI scans of the cancerous areas were reviewed to assess the extension of the lesions, including to the bone and thorax. Imaging and pathological findings of MCL (case 2). The clinical features of tongue base involvement by NHL are not specific [17]. The term reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) is used as a general term to describe these types of lymphoid proliferations. https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/4000114/. The biopsy showed recurrence, with bone marrow involvement. 2006;17:143440. Lymphoid hyperplasia is a rapid increase in the number of normal cells (called lymphocytes) that are contained in lymph nodes. 1997;36:41320. 2014;10:94550. What is the treatment for reactive lymphoid hyperplasia? These cells are designed to fight. Only one patient died of the disease. Am J Otolaryngol. Methods We reported a severe case of tongue base BLH compromising the breathing and swallowing of the affected patient. 2017;18:27815. 349356, 1980. Abstract Background Benign lymphoid hyperplasia (BLH) is a benign proliferation of lymphoid tissue in response to external irritation. 2013;119:18327. With proper therapy, even late stage tongue base lymphomas can be suppressed and remain in remission. Severe benign LH is unusual in the head and neck region, but the diagnosis should be entertained on the part of the clinician both clinically and histologically when lymphoma is suspectedparticularly in the oral cavity. Results came back "lymphoid hyperplasia". f. Tumour cells were negative for CD8 (200x). Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 39, no. Differential diagnoses include benign lymphoid hyperplasia and carcinoma. Primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the tongue base: the clinicopathology of seven cases and evaluation of HPV and EBV status, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13000-020-00936-w, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0344-0338(11)80514-5, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjms.2012.02.014, https://doi.org/10.1080/02841860500531682, https://doi.org/10.1038/modpathol.2016.152, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-014-1682-7, https://doi.org/10.1038/modpathol.2011.45, https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2003-05-1545, https://doi.org/10.1038/modpathol.3880541, https://doi.org/10.1097/01.dad.0000246949.49071.17, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12185-008-0142-z, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2004.08.009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2010.03.029, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2005.09.020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2014.06.002, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22822-8_13, https://doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.10.2781, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leukres.2005.11.004, https://doi.org/10.1309/YHFE-R65B-D3LK-3GGV, https://doi.org/10.11406/rinketsu.58.2033, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100142288, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. 2015;466:93100. 2014;118:33847. K. F. Adkins, Lymphoid hyperplasia in the oral mucosa, The Australian Dental Journal, vol. There were two main cytomorphological variants of the DLBCL, NOS cases: centroblastic and immunoblastic. Dysphagia. This paper describes a case where a patient diagnosed with tongue base lymphoid hyperplasia was successfully treated with radiofrequency excision and interstitial radiofrequency-induced thermotherapy. Lee ES, Kim LH, Abdullah WA, Peh SC. One case presented as multiple deep ulcers. The diagnosis of FLH is of clinical importance as it may be confused with malignant lymphoma, both on clinical examination and histopathology. National Library of Medicine 144, No. 2006;45:25871. e. Tumour cells were positive for Cyclin D1 (200x). Four treatment response classes were defined, as follows: complete response (CR, 100% resolution); partial response (PR, 50100% resolution); no response (<50% resolution); and progression of disease (PD, tumour enlarged after treatment). In contrast, they did not express CD3, CD10, CD23, or TdT. Reference Sands and Tewfik 1 The aetiology is poorly understood, . The mean size is 2.5cm in the literature (range 15cm). PTCL, NOS occurring at the base of the tongue are rare. When oral aggregates appear in clusters or have an unusual appearance or enlargement, clinicians may question whether abnormalities are present. Mamede RC, Amaral Fd, Raimundo DG, Freitas LC, Ricz HM, Mello Filho FV. 1. Tracheotomy was performed to relieve respiratory oppression. EBV ISH was performed using EBV-encoded Small RNA (EBER) probes (Bond ready-to-use ISH, Catalogue No: PB0589, Leica Biosystems Newcastle, Ltd.) according to the manufacturers protocol. Effect of gastroesophageal reflux on hypertrophy of the base of the tongue. Ear Nose Throat J. [1] The growth is termed hyperplasia which may result in enlargement of various tissue including an organ, or cause a cutaneous lesion. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Figure 2 shows the process of a reactive lymphoid lesion histologically. This is an open access article distributed under the. [2] Lymph node anatomy [ edit] ZL did the T-Cell Receptor and Immunoglobulin Gene Rearrangement Studies. The HPV ISH positive case also had diffuse and strong expression of P16 protein as revealed by IHC, besides, HPV RNA ISH in this case is negative (Fig. Semin Oncol. 2002;15:4205. Ekstrom-Smedby K. Epidemiology and etiology of non-Hodgkin lymphoma--a review. Of the 6 B-cell NHL cases, 5 were DLBCLs and 1 was MCL. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Generally, MCL patients have a median age of 60years and a striking male predominance [42] .Three of the four cases of MCL including our case, occurred at the base of the tongue. Three patients (cases 1, 2, 7) received R-CHOP, 3 (cases 46) patients received CHOP, and 1 patient (case 3) received GDP and CHOP therapy. MeSH A minority of patients develop local recurrence. In the literature, the patients with peripheral T cell lymphoma of the tongue base were middle aged with no obvious differences in gender distribution. These tissues act as your body's first line of defense against infections. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leukres.2005.11.004. There is usually a bilateral . The most common symptoms are varying degrees of discomfort in the pharynx, such as the sensation of a foreign body or choking while drinking. Ezzat AA, Ibrahim EM, El Weshi AN, Khafaga YM, AlJurf M, Martin JM, Ajarim DS, Bazarbashi SN, Stuart RK, Zucca E. Localized non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring: clinical features, management, and prognosis of 130 adult patients. Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. At the time of manuscript preparation, there were only four articles indexed in Medline that described PTCL and tongue involvement (Table 4, [12,13,14,15]). Cut-off values were set as previously described [9]. PubMedGoogle Scholar. In the middle power view, there were plenty of moderate to large cells with distorted nuclear contours (Fig. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of enrolled cases were used to make three-micrometer-thick sections. Vega F, Lin P, Medeiros LJ. One patient in the literature died 18months after diagnosis despite being in an early stage. The most common histologic subtype was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), which occurred in five cases. c. Tumour cells diffusely expressed CD20 (200 x). The most common subtype of NHLs of the tongue base is DLBCL, and the occurrence at this site may have a good prognosis. Patient ages ranged from the thirties to the nineties, with an average age of 61.8years. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.149.3.575. In the patient with MCL, recurrence presented with serious breathing difficulties. Of the DLBCL patients, 4 were not otherwise specified lymphomas (NOS) and 1 was T cell/histiocyte rich large B-cell lymphoma. This is the first study to report on both HPV and EBV infection status in tongue base lymphoma. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.dad.0000246949.49071.17. 2001;23:54758. Lymphoid hyperplasia is the rapid proliferation of normal lymphocytic cells that resemble lymph tissue which may occur with bacterial or viral infections. Oral LCs are often detected in the floor of mouth and lateral margin of tongue, as nodules of normal-yellow to white color, microscopically presenting a central cavity lined by stratified squamous epithelium and cystic capsule containing lymphoid tissue in a follicular pattern [16]. Hypermethylation of CpG islands in p16 as a prognostic factor for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in a high-risk group. 2012;28:43541. Lymphoid Hyperplasia Pulmonary lymphoid hyperplasia, also known as follicular bronchiolitis, is an uncommon, benign condition characterized histologically by the presence of polyclonal lymphoid aggregates along the bifurcation of the bronchioles and along the pulmonary lymphatics. https://doi.org/10.11406/rinketsu.58.2033. a. CT showed a well-bordered cystic mass. 2. Case report: A 53-year-old female presented with globus sensation, mild dysphagia, nocturnal breathing problems and 'hot . Examination and imaging (CT and MRI) showed a mass (4.6cm2.8cm1.5cm) at the left base of the tongue, which was biopsied. Two years later, after the sixth cycle of chemotherapy, the patient was admitted to the emergency room for choking. Patients first experienced from varying degrees of throat discomfort and commit to the hospital with no B symptoms. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2004.08.009. 1987;149:57581. The condition mainly affects adult patients, ranging. 1999;21:24754. Singh T, Amirtham U, Satheesh CT, Sajeevan KV, Jain A, Lakshmaiah KC, Babu KG, Lokanatha D. Primary B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of tongue. The aetiological factors for lymphoma of the oral region other than EBV and HIV are little known. Similarly, the inner cortex has T cells and is called the T-cell zone. Indian J Cancer. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Bone marrow biopsy is necessary to rule out CNS involvement. It provides context as to what an oral pathologist might see that aides in excludingnonreactive or neoplastic lesions. A final diagnosis was made through deep resection. Clinically this lesion presented as a painless ulcer, which mimicked carcinoma of the tongue. Three reactive samples, either tonsils or lymph nodes, were included to establish cut-off values. The tumour cell composition of MCL varies greatly in the literature, from small cells with slightly irregular nuclei to large cells similar to the large cells in DLBCL, which could be misdiagnosed as DLBCL. World J Gastroenterol. We thank Violette Ghali, Gina Elhammady, Mark Persky and Songyang Yuan for confirming the pathological diagnosis. In the study of Eisuke et al., hypermethylation of the p16 promotor indicated a poor prognosis [35]. Authors M Gromet , M J Homer , B L Carter PMID: 7111732 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.144.4.7111732 No abstract available Publication types Case Reports MeSH terms Adult Barium Sulfate Deglutition Diagnosis, Differential Female CAS AJR Am J Roentgenol. The FISH probes used were 18q21 for BCL2, 3q27 for BCL6, and 8q24 for cMYC. The lingual tonsils are aggregations of lymphoid follicles that mediate B- and T-cell lymphocytes, which serve a role in formulating the immune system. Expression and alteration of p16 in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. A case of benign lymphoid hyperplasia (BLH) of the tongue is reported. and transmitted securely. Viral infections, such as HIV or hepatitis C virus (HCV), can also develop in immunocompromised patients. Imaging examination can help identify lesions. [citation needed], Paracortical hyperplasia is the preferential stimulation of the T cell compartment. 1991;6(3):170-8. doi: 10.1007/BF02493520. For NHL of the head and neck, there is a logarithmic increase in incidence with increasing age [18] .The average age at disease diagnosis was 61.8years and there were no observed gender differences. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Springerplus. Lymphoid Hyperplasia i was referred to ENT by my GP because of a recurring sore throat. Understanding the biological behavior of and therapeutic options for tongue lymphoma is difficult due to the paucity of cases. Springer Nature. Histologically, there was a monomorphous population of intermediate- to large-sized lymphocytes with slightly irregular indented nuclei and moderately dispersed chromatin (Fig. Fakhry C, Westra WH, Li S, Cmelak A, Ridge JA, Pinto H, Forastiere A, Gillison ML. [Lymphoepithelial hyperplasia of the tonsil at the base of the tongue]. 2017 Feb;274(2):931-937. doi: 10.1007/s00405-016-4307-8. [36] showed that patients with DLBCL located on Waldeyers ring (base of the tongue) often have a better prognosis than nodal DLBCL patients. Article Immunohistochemistry was negative for lymphoma. [7]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjms.2012.02.014. Gastroesophageal reflux in bronchial asthma patients. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis using Break Apart FISH Probes was used to detect BCL2, BCL6 and cMYC gene rearrangements. 2005;23:2797804. For DNA detection of high-riskin situ HPV infection, biotin-labelled HPV probe solutions (Leica, Newcastle, UK) were added to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Ann Diagn Pathol. The .gov means its official. Bratisl Lek Listy. This may be because the case occurred before drugs such as rituximab were widely available. She was awarded the Dental Professional of the Year in 2017 through the International Pemphigus and Pemphigoid Foundation and is a 2017 Sunstar/RDH Award of Distinction recipient. PubMed Central Dental professionals should pay close attention to these areas of the mouth due to the possibility of oral cancer, which is being increasingly seen at the base of the tongue and in the oropharynx. Another reason might be HPV is not transcriptionally active in this patient; the virus integrated into the host DNA and remained inactive. Upon examination with direct laryngoscopy a large, multiloculated, exophytic mass was identified, emanating from the oropharynx and extending distally to the level of the supraglottis, occupying >90% of the upper aerodigestive tract. 1991 Jul;86(7):801-8. Lymphoid hyperplasia is not a disease or a tumor, but simply a term we use to represent enlarged tissue masses. Diagn Pathol 15, 30 (2020). Metastasis of the regional neck lymph nodes was noted in one case at the time of diagnoses. Owosho AA, Bilodeau EA, Surti U, Craig FE. Does lymphoid hyperplasia and Lymphoma looks the same and is there a threatment for oral Lymphoid Hyperplasia? Four were staged at III and IV and had higher IPI scores (2 or 3). Two pathologists interpreted the FISH results using an Olympus fluorescence microscope equipped with 100 objective lens and orange/ green/4, 6-diamid-ino-2-phenylindole filters. and has since been primarily reported in the skin, breasts, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and nasopharynx [2]. Others theorize that it is caused by compensatory lymphoid hyperplasia after an adenotonsillectomy.19,20 Hypertrophied lymphoid follicles in the lingual tonsils of adults has been previously associated with the signs and symptoms of GERD.10 Mamede et al9 have suggested a possible link between the hypertrophy of the base of tongue and . Lewis JS Jr. Morphologic diversity in human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: catch me if you can! Mod Pathol. For immunoglobulin gene rearrangement, we used IdentiClone IGH, IGK and IGL Gene Clonality assays with gel detection (InVivoScribe Technologies, San Diego, CA, USA). Co. Ltd., China. The clinical stage was IV A by the Ann Arbor staging system. Lymphoid hyperplasia at the base of the tongue. Severe HBT was considered to be present when the follicles prevented the view of the epiglottis or were massively distributed through the pharynx and larynx. Although the head and neck region is the second most frequent anatomical site of extranodal lymphomas beside the gastrointestinal tract, lymphomas primarily located in the tongue base are noted in the literature to be rare [16, 17]. 2010;77:96105. https://doi.org/10.1038/modpathol.2016.152. PubMed Narla S, Annapurneswari S, Parameswaran A, Nair S. Peripheral T-cell lymphoma of tongue: Report of a rare case and review of literature.
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