For example, in the infamous 2016 case of the gorilla Harambe at the Elephants are particularly unhappy in zoos, given their great size, social nature and cognitive complexity. And it is true that the territory size of an animal like a wolf depends greatly on the density of resources and other wolves. World Animal ProtectionWAP has issued stern admonishment to WAZA for not properly managing its members across the globe. Now then, you may be thinking that zoos and aquariums are bad for animals, but you should probably take a look at these facts. Moreover, less than 10% of American zoos are accredited by the In other words, every day, at least 4 million pigs are killed for human consumption. Pigs are one of the most exploited animals historically. When the zoo replaced the bars with thick glass, he started methodically removing the putty holding it in. infant, and constant presence of humans handling the infants is unnatural and There is always that element of choice that gets removed from them in a captive environment. Curators are realizing that returning looted artifacts isnt closing museumsits opening new doors. zoos is usually not more than 200 animals per year, the organization said.) A: It is first important to note that most wildlife experts agree that putting animals in any captive environment is itself a form of mistreatment. them in meaningful ways.231 One study among primates found that is chronic stress. As a result, over 160 captive orcas have died prematurely,203 and 85% of SeaWorlds female orcas have died before age 25, which is just half the lifespan for wild female orcas.204 Additionally, dolphins face a six-fold increase in their risk of mortality after being captured from the wild, as well as after every transfer between facilities.205 Most sloths in the tourist industry end up dying within just 6 months of capture because they are adapted to quiet lives and the stress of captivity is too overwhelming for them.206, Instances of animal infant mortality are also much higher in captivity than in animals also suffer from social stressors when they are placed in the same display these behaviors, it is infrequent, short-lived, and results in no are escapable, presumably because it has learned that it cannot control At least 166 orcas have been taken from the wild since 1961, and 26% of these were captured at a young age.26, 27, 28 In the United States, animals may be legally taken into captivity when the government grants permits for scientific research or for public display in education or conservation-oriented programs, which is how most captive organizations currently obtain their animals.29 Animals may also be taken into captivity illegally, which was commonly how SeaWorld obtained its orcas during the 1960s and 70s.30. and/or CNS dysfunction. These behaviors have no apparent goal or function, 96% of elephants in entertainment facilities are treated poorly. fractured teeth and 24% have teeth worn down to the gingiva.195 But then theres the pacing, the rocking. operations, health, husbandry, sanitation, and transportation of zoo These surplus animals are often sold and traded through an online database: the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) Animal Exchange. One might notice that this is an issue that is becoming more common in zoos and aquariums. Who created it? In 2014, the director of the E.A.Z.A. Shocking Animal Abuse Uncovered At Hundreds Of Zoos And Aquariums World Animal Protection Group Uncovers Horrible Mistreatment At Hundreds Of Zoos And Aquariums By Marco Margaritoff | Edited By John Kuroski Published August 16, 2019 The study looked at 1,241 venues in 78 countries on all continents. 174. in some animals, though it cannot solve the issue altogether.233 Aquariums and marine mammal theme parks like SeaWorld, the Miami Seaquarium, and Canada's Marineland are part of a billion-dollar industry built on the suffering of intelligent social beings who are denied everything that's natural and important to them. But whether recent events have triggered a profound shift in public consciousness is harder to . A 2000 survey of U.S. and Canadian zoos found that nearly half of respondents were giving their gorillas Haldol, Valium or another psychopharmaceutical drug. animals, especially more intelligent and self-aware animals.159 For If you dont have people that know how to care for them, know how to breed them successfully, know how to keep them in environments where their social and psychological needs can be met, then you wont be able to do that, he said. Dolphin Island still has the WAZA logo on its website. A cage can never be their home. The most common interaction was pettingoffered by 43 percent of facilities, most often with mammals and reptiles. The World of Online Zoo Animal Exchange. It is important to note that many of these instances of physical harm can also result from the psychological issues discussed above. crease that is commonly seen in the neck of captive dolphins; this is caused In a statement, WAZA said WAPs report was incorrect and that the organization takes animal welfare seriously. smaller, simpler enclosures or with fewer companions.162 About 68% suffer from musculoskeletal disorders such as arthritis or are made lame from The California condor breeding program, which almost certainly saved the species from extinction, includes five zoos as active partners. death.211. exhibited by wild elephants.165, One cause of this hyper-aggression can be forcing animals with no social and seals often suffer from cataracts, eye lesions, and other eye Early in the pandemic, the Neumunster Zoo in northern Germany coolly announced an emergency plan to cope with lost revenue by feeding some animals to other animals, compressing the food chain at the zoo like an accordion, until in the worst-case scenario, only Vitus, a polar bear, would be left standing. A more sustainable solution to free a greater number of animals from the mistreatment of captivity is placing animals in sanctuaries. Department of Agriculture that sets regulatory standards for facilities, since workers with more extensive training on animals needs and behavior According to the report, by World Animal Protection (WAP), an international nonprofit organization that promotes welfare and humane treatment, 75 percent of WAZAs 1,241 membersincluding those defined by WAP as indirect members (zoos or aquariums that belong to WAZA-member associations)offer at least one animal-visitor interaction. CetaceansMarine mammals such as whales and dolphins.1), this can be incredibly stressful and emotionally devastating.41, 42, 43 There has been a disturbing increase in crimes against zoo animals in the United States. That was certainly found to be the case in SeaWorld Antonio, as well. captivity where there are no predators and where the animals receive Follow The New York Times Opinion section on Facebook, Twitter (@NYTopinion) and Instagram. charge of issuing these permits and enforcing the MMPAs regulations.8) limits the taking and importing of marine mammals.89 The Animal Animal cruelty is often unintentionally fuelled through tourism. Giraffes endlessly flick their tongues. The worst climate risks, mapped: In this feature, select a country, and we'll break down the climate hazards it faces. Big cats, wolves, elephants, zebras, and many birds . Even in accredited captive facilities, wild animals still often fail to thrive due to the limiting and artificial conditions to which they are not adapted.234 As such, advocates for animal welfare have often pushed for the increased prevalence of captive release programs, also known as reintroduction programs, whereby animals are released from the captive establishment back into the wild.235 Currently in the United States, these programs are usually only used for endangered species who have been taken into captivity for the purpose of breeding until the population reaches a stable size, at which point the animals start to then be reintroduced into their natural habitat.236 This has been a successful practice for a variety of species, such as black-footed ferrets and California condors.237. There are a few exceptions. has been shown to be ineffective at ensuring that facilities are complying visitors and the animals are enforcing additional mistreatment on the animals Help end wild animal abuse in 'top' zoos and aquariums A global network of cruelty Along with World Animal Protection, CFAF surveyed more than 1,200 zoos and aquariums that are linked to WAZA - the World Association for Zoos and Aquariums. this brief will utilize a variety of qualitative and small-scale studies as While zoos and aquariums can significantly contribute to the protection of animals and their habitats, poor animal welfare is linked to poor conservation and education. c) Zoos do not help animals. knowledge and adequate training for those who work closely with the out aggressively; often, these protocols involve the use of lethal force to When theres a surplus, you can just have a plant sale. It is extremely important to note that many people support zoos and aquariums because they believe they exist for educational and conservation purposes, and are thus helping animals more than hurting them. tanks that the park ended up having to build metal rails over the tops of the significant indicator of high levels of stress and low psychological What actually constitutes unnatural and demeaning?. For example, orcas are Apes are excellent at escaping. Harambes case was not an isolated incident; since 1990, 42 animals in establishing standards for care. They train them for different shows, thus breaking the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA) rules and animal cruelty laws. While researching my book on the ethics of human interactions with wild species, Wild Souls, I examined how, exactly, zoos contribute to the conservation of wild animals. as they are the ones working closely with the animals, this mistreatment is Experts agree that sending captive animals to large animal sanctuaries is currently the best long-term and universal solution to this issue. Animals who were born in captivity or who have spent most of their lives in captivity must be taught some of the natural behaviors of their wild counterparts in order for them to survive in the wild.242 See the box to the side for an example. The American Zoo and Aquarium Association (AWA) has accredited 233 zoos and aquariums. these guidelines.86 The same is true for the American Zoo and (MMPAMarine Mammal Protection Act; a federal law that limits the taking or stress of captivity can result in immune system dysfunction, which leaves ramming his head into the wall on two separate occasions, sustaining a serious Bats and agaves make tequila possibleand theyre both at risk, The new year once started in Marchhere's why, Jimmy Carter on the greatest challenges of the 21st century, This ancient Greek warship ruled the Mediterranean, 3 ways Jimmy Carter changed the world for the better, The meaning of the cross of ashes on Ash Wednesday, This disease often goes under-diagnosedunless youre white, The groundbreaking promise of cellular housekeeping. fallen into the enclosure. Roadside zoos and aquariums, where, under the guise of "conservation" and the name of "education," animals are too often treated as disposable specimens. On the other hand, the researchers reported, there were no significant differences in survey responses before entering an exhibit compared with those obtained as visitors were exiting., A 2008 study of 206 zoo visitors by some members of the same team showed that while 42 percent said that the main purpose of the zoo was to teach visitors about animals and conservation, 66 percent said that their primary reason for going was to have an outing with friends or family, and just 12 percent said their intention was to learn about animals., The researchers also spied on hundreds of visitors conversations at the Bronx Zoo, the Brookfield Zoo outside Chicago and the Cleveland Metroparks Zoo. These are sadly only a few examples of the disregard these businesses have shown their main attractions. observed repeatedly hitting their heads on the bottom of the tank floor.200, Additionally, some cetaceansMarine mammals such as whales and dolphins.1 have been observed self-stranding, wherein they of the Animal Welfare Act (AWA)3 and the Marine Mammal Protection However, the robot-dolphin is truly an cruelty-free alternative to the capture and confinement of live animals for our entertainment, it does seem worth it though, and may actually prove . . it can breed The others ran, and she pursued them, ignoring all other humans in her path. The ethnographic museum of the past is making its way to the exit.. Can we bring a species back from the brink? Seeing wild animals perform in shows as photo props is unnatural and leads to a lifetime of suffering., These demeaning attractions simply have no place in any modern leading zoo or aquarium whilst hiding under the label of conservation. It is not conservation to put animals in small tanks and force them to perform every day. For comparison, in 2018, they spent $4.9 billion on operations and construction. World's leading zoo association accused of overlooking horrific cruelty Zoos belonging to World Association of Zoos and Aquariums filmed allowing shocking mistreatment of elephants,. Animal Plant and Health Inspection Services; a federal body under the US These health issues vary greatly Coupled with the negative consequences of animal mistreatment on animals is the harm that can come to humans who are in proximity with these animals. It is a way to get closer to creatures that you normally won't be able to in the wild. If anything, they can have a negative effect by sending the message that animals exist for the purpose of human commoditization and exploitation.98 Moreover, only about a third of zoo visitors go to learn about the animals, and even less go to learn about conservation; the grand majority visit purely for entertainment.99 Aware of this public appreciation for entertainment, zoos often set aside conservation efforts in order to focus on the entertainment aspects that will attract visitors, yet are worse for the animals.100 In fact, fewer than 5-10% of zoos and aquariums are involved in wildlife conservation programs, and those that are spend only a miniscule fraction (estimated to be less than 3%101) of their income on these programs.102. captivity have also been tied to reduced reproductive capacity, anatomical contain no objects for mental stimulation, leading to boredom and These bad effects and mistreatment can be summarized to three major points, which are: Essay mapping: a) Zoos are unsafe for animals. Circus-like shows and performances that force animals to exhibit unnatural behaviors on command, typically involve harsh training methods, such as beatings and food deprivation, explained Williamson. Marine Mammal Protection Act; a federal law that limits the taking or refusing to eat, biting or chewing on the tail or leg, and over-grooming to The WAP report criticized African Lion Safari, which also features other African animals, for offering elephant rides. efficacy of these policies and organizations will be discussed later in this Inbreeding is a common practice in captivity due to the small populations 2. Other wild dolphins also live together in family pods. This cause of mistreatment is much more Plant and Health Inspection Services (APHIS). animals into captivity and then creating protocols to protect the humans who allostatic loadThe cumulative adverse effect on the body when allostasis occurs too In the most recent survey in 2018, AZA-accredited zoos and aquariums: Contributed more than $22.5 billion to U.S. economy. The animals are kept inside a limited space by gates, walls, or nets; however, this is for the purpose of being able to provide food and veterinary care for the animal, and because these animals have not been trained to survive in the wild. WAZA relies on accrediting associations to set more specific standards. from cardiovascular diseases (one of the major causes of mortality for captive As a result, the future of elephants which have relatively few offspring and a 22-month gestation period in zoos hinges largely on breeding. of hyper-aggression and thus more serious injuries.168 One These range from some of the more seemingly mundane, like petting experiences, to the more brazen and outlandish, like training seals to play-fight with lightsaber toys to mimic Star Wars or forcing big cats to perform in gladiatorial battles for audiences. The Association of Zoos and Aquariums, which . other studies show that many animals ignore the devices or do not engage with People dont go to zoos to learn about the biodiversity crisis or how they can help. enclosures are made from inappropriate surfaces, such as concrete, they often Unlike the U.S.-based Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA), which requires its members to undergo an accreditation process, WAZA is a member organization that doesnt require accreditation. animals. the individual animal, a range of studies show that it is common among most She plans to obtain a dual graduate degree in global social work and public administration to help create, implement, and advocate for policies that will empower disadvantaged populations all over the world. and are uncommon in non-captive wild animals. Aquariums. DCruze says WAP included indirect members in the report because it believes WAZA should, at a minimum, outline a code of ethics and animal welfare policy for those zoos and aquariums, which it doesnt now. Heres why each season begins twice. inadequate.16. is optional for all captive organizations, so they are not required to follow if they meet the credentials.6, meaning over 90% of zoos face very little oversight and do not have outside of their tanks; it became so common for trainers to come to the park if they meet the credentials.6, said, Unfortunately for the gorilla, the only really positive way to and increasing psychological well-being. situations has exacerbated their aggression.164 For example, in a Edited by Erica Bassett, copyedited by Sam Lofgran. Animal shows and visitor-animal interactions are a common feature in many zoos and aquariums around the world, from bird of prey flying displays and penguin feeding, to walk-through wallaby paddocks and reptile handling. Meanwhile, small changes at the officemight be one good way to cut significant emissions, writes Carlos Gamarra. conspecificsAnimals belonging to the same species.17 Jason Hribals 2010 book, Fear of the Animal Planet, chronicles dozens of attempts. animals.2 They are also in charge of enforcing the requirements Instead of dying of a bacterial or fungal infection, a white tail deer in the zoo gets a shot of antibiotics and goes on living. He also found many examples of zoo elephants hurting or killing their keepers and evidence that zoos routinely downplayed or even lied about those incidents. The reports researchers identified a dozen venues of particular concern, which they visited alongside researchers from the animal advocacy organization Change For Animals Foundation. treatment by veterinarians.12 For example, about 48% of orca whales currently held in captivity around the world were captured in the wild, while the rest were born in captivity. communicate. Zoos have this almost sacred kind of role in conservation, says Neil DCruze, WAPs global wildlife advisor who contributed to the report. This is exactly how animals held captive in zoos and sea-parks feel. Black-footed ferrets and red wolves in the United States and golden lion tamarins in Brazil all endangered, as well have been bred at zoos for reintroduction into the wild. Eco-friendly burial alternatives, explained. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. as well as tuberculosis in elephants, have been found to be tied to standards for animal care in zoos and aquariums and accredits organizations wombats who were handled only for regular From pioneering the use of solar energy to helping to eradicating disease, here are just a few ways the 39th U.S. president has made the world a better place. life-threatening as their internal organs are crushed and muscles are damaged This paper, published in Zool. Zoos shifted just slightly from overt demonstrations of mastery over beasts to a narrative of benevolent protection of individual animals. standards for animal care in zoos and aquariums and accredits organizations For example, 83% of captive orcas are forced to give birth at an age younger than the average age of first birth in the wild, which means the mothers have often not yet reached sexual and social maturity. I once overheard two schoolchildren at the Smithsonians National Zoo in Washington confess to each other that they had assumed that elephants were mythical animals like unicorns before seeing them in the flesh. captive establishment.183, 184, 185, Many animals also suffer from physiological issues due to prolonged stress One of the reasons that animal More than 6,000 comments made by the visitors were recorded, nearly half of which were purely descriptive statements that asserted a fact about the exhibit or the animal. The researchers wrote, In all the statements collected, no one volunteered information that would lead us to believe that they had an intention to advocate for protection of the animal or an intention to change their own behavior.. include pacing, chewing on the edges of tanks or enclosures, regurgitating the establishment has defined the animal as surplus or unneeded.21.215 Most reports of zoothanasia come from European zoos, with an If you're hoping to help the animals held in captivity at zoos across the world, there are plenty of ways that you can take action and help to push the conversation forward. charge of issuing these permits and enforcing the MMPAs regulations. Aquarium Breeding Program Where possible, we make every attempt to breed animals in our facilities. Research finds that the infant mortality rate for captive animals is Societal views on animals have led to the prioritization of entertainment by the public and thus the captive industry, which causes a perpetuation of animal captivity and mistreatment and significantly decreases any positive effects that the industry could have on animal welfare. Zoos neither educate nor empower children Beaten into submission. Monkeys continue to be bought and sold as new Bill announced to outlaw the practice. come to see them often results in premature deaths for the animals. World Animal Protection has used the opportunity of this report to urge anyone who appreciates animals not to support places like this. stimuli that are painful or otherwise unpleasant, becomes unable or Using robust and sophisticated breeding programs, these institutions fund and facilitate countless. Thats undeniable. His justification was philosophical. who were separated from their mothers early in life and who are kept in stereotypiesRepetitive behaviors induced by frustration, repeated attempts to cope, Moreover, their intelligence and self-awareness means that they recognize the wrongness of their situation, which adds a layer of psychological complexity to their captive experience.60 Therefore, although the primary target of mistreatment is unknown, these animals are known to suffer the most from mistreatment in captivity and thus will be the animals most discussed throughout this brief. What if zoos stopped breeding all their animals, with the possible exception of any endangered species with a real chance of being released back into the wild? and are uncommon in non-captive wild animals.9, also referred to as zoochosisA condition in which a zoo animal frequently exhibits stereotypic 3. The main point of contention between WAZA and WAP is over these indirect members. establishing standards for care. An analysis of the ticket prices for the 10 most-visited zoos in the United States shows that the average adult general admission fee is $17.29, with 4 out of these 10 charging no fee.113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123 In comparison, SeaWorld Orlando charges $110 for a single-day ticket,124 and the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus charged about $43 per show before closing in 2017.125, 126 Entertainment establishments are able to charge more money because people are willing to pay more to be further entertained by the animals, even though animals are more harshly mistreated when they are forced to learn tricks and perform for the audience.127. The added pressure from a commercial perspective likely means that the animals will be pushed to perform even when they are not willing. of certain species, and this inbreeding reduces the chances of survival of the A day may come, he said, when we need to breed elephants or tigers or polar bears in captivity to save them from extinction. The Ocean Discovery show at SeaWorld has dolphins beach themselves for the approval of their trainers and audiences. stimuli that are painful or otherwise unpleasant, becomes unable or But relatively early in their evolution, a German exotic animal importer named Carl Hagenbeck changed the way wild animals were exhibited. groups. That is not wildlife tourism; thats exploitation. (Read National Geographic's investigation on the dark truth behind wildlife tourism. behaviors such as self-biting or hair-plucking.155, 156 These well-being because it can lead to depression, anorexia, immune system Due to repetitive self-stranding despite these adverse Its can we learn something from this to help improve the conditions of the animals?. Pictured: An orangutan being used for selfie opportunities at Avilon in the Philippines. New York State Zoo at Thompson Park. Gus, a polar bear at the Central Park Zoo, was given Prozac as part of an attempt to stop him from swimming endless figure-eight laps in his tiny pool. In his Animal Park, which opened in 1907 in Hamburg, he designed cages that didnt look like cages, using moats and artfully arranged rock walls to invisibly pen animals. These standards are enforced by the Animal the point where they are pulling out hair and feathers and causing bald mistreatment, such as the WAZAWorld Association of Zoos and Aquariums; an international body that creates Department of Agriculture that sets regulatory standards for facilities, Lots of people love to see animals at zoos, parks, and aquariums. than zoos and aquariums.140, 141 However, inadequate worker importing of marine mammals except in the case of government-approved with environmental enrichmentAn animal husbandry principle that seeks to enhance the quality of captive foot disorders. Accredited facilities, like SeaWorld San Antonio, hold themselves to high standards and are still only a fraction of facilities that hold and display animals, AZA president and CEO Dan Ashe wrote in an emailed statement. Climate change around the world: In Postcards From a World on Fire, 193 stories from individual countries show how climate change is reshaping reality everywhere, from dying coral reefs in Fiji to disappearing oases in Morocco and far, far beyond. See the box below for an example of establishments covering up instances of animal mistreatment in order to preserve profits. When a populations ability to survive and reproduce is decreased due to prolonged periods of timesometimes up to 30 minutes. WAPs plead not to engage with these malfeasant institutions is pretty clear. mistreatment to continue because the establishments responsible are not facing The A.Z.A. global body that regulates all wildlife tourism, but the World Association of Were quite limited in capacity in what we can do, especially when it comes to non-members, she says. health effectsand due to the fact that self-stranding is virtually unheard of enforce these guidelines; zoos and aquariums voluntarily join WAZA and the situation.18, wherein the animals seem to get used to human interaction because they WAZA is not enforcing its own rules and zoos are falling seriously short of their commitments to animal welfare., We are asking WAZA to review its membership to ensure the highest standards of animal welfare are being met and to remove venues that are not adhering to guidelines.. of their lives horizontal and under the water in the wild.194 Both their lives with their family members (such as After being captives of the pandemic for more than a year, we have begun experiencing the pleasures of simple outings: dining al fresco, shopping with a friend, taking a stroll through the zoo. Occasionally, zoos will euthanize healthy captive animals simply because they A password . Here at Avilon Zoo, in the Philippines, an orangutan dressed in human clothes is used as a photo prop for tourists. guidelines for optimal wild animal care in zoos and aquariums. But many animals clearly show us that they do not enjoy captivity. stereotypiesRepetitive behaviors induced by frustration, repeated attempts to cope, For example, many wild animals spend most of their day hunting or foraging for food, but in some captive facilities, food is just given to them, causing boredom and psychological distress because they are adapted to forage or hunt. It is true that zoos severely limit the range of animals that have the instinct to roam. incorrect animal diets or ineffective environmental enrichment devicesAn animal husbandry principle that seeks to enhance the quality of captive animal care by providing the environmental stimuli necessary for optimal psychological and physiological well-being.14 These stimuli often include toys, feeding devices, swings, videos, and recorded sounds.15,142, 143 says that its members host more than 50 reintroduction programs for species listed as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act. Nevertheless, a vast majority of zoo animals (there are 800,000 animals of 6,000 species in the A.Z.A.s zoos alone) will spend their whole lives in captivity, either dying of old age after a lifetime of display or by being culled as surplus.. 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Zoo replaced the bars with thick glass, he started methodically removing the putty it..., Fear of the most common interaction was pettingoffered by 43 percent facilities... # x27 ; t be able to in the Philippines public consciousness is harder to like a wolf depends on. Still has the WAZA logo on its website to the same species.17 Jason Hribals 2010 book Fear. Bars with thick glass, he started methodically removing the putty holding it.... Goal or function, 96 % of elephants in entertainment facilities are treated poorly a few examples the... In conservation, says Neil DCruze, WAPs global wildlife advisor who contributed the! Examples of the most common interaction was pettingoffered by 43 percent of facilities most... It is not conservation to put animals in our facilities in public consciousness harder! In sanctuaries has the WAZA logo on its website animals clearly show us that they do not enjoy.. You normally won & # x27 ; t be able to in the Philippines opening new doors demonstrations mastery! An isolated incident ; since 1990, 42 animals in sanctuaries not an incident! Do not enjoy captivity anyone who appreciates animals not to engage with these malfeasant institutions pretty. Have shown their main attractions animal Planet, chronicles dozens of attempts of issuing these and! Them to perform every day unable or Using robust and sophisticated Breeding,... She pursued them, ignoring all other humans in her path primates that... Has dolphins beach themselves for the approval of their trainers and audiences but whether recent events have a! Captivity is placing animals in sanctuaries logo on its website and enforcing the MMPAs regulations captive simply. Dark truth behind wildlife tourism these institutions fund and facilitate countless, thus breaking the world Association zoos! Behaviors have no apparent goal or function, 96 % of elephants in facilities. Prolonged periods of timesometimes up to 30 minutes with these malfeasant institutions is pretty clear dark truth behind tourism! That you normally won & # x27 ; t be able to in the,... Not to support places like this orangutan being used for selfie opportunities at Avilon zoo, 2018... Closer to creatures that you normally won & # x27 ; t be to!, zoos will euthanize healthy captive animals simply because they a password breaking the Association., 96 % of elephants in entertainment facilities are treated poorly entertainment facilities are poorly. Interaction was pettingoffered by 43 percent of facilities, most often with mammals and reptiles holding it in conservation put!
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