[112][124], By 2004, it was reported that the Trent was cleaner than it had been in the last 7080 years, and that episodic incidents of pollution had also reduced considerably since the 1970s. Historic flood levels have also been recorded at Girton and on the churchyard wall at Collingham. [116], Until the outbreak of the Second World War, the main source of pollution continued to be the Potteries, although there was contamination from the Tame and other lower tributaries it was not as prominent. [47][148] More definitive finds from the medieval period were also found at this site and near Colwick. Navigation was then extended to Wilden Ferry, near to the more recent Cavendish Bridge, as a result of the efforts of the Fosbrooke family of Shardlow. The Dadfords, who were engineers on the Trent and Mersey Canal, estimated the cost at 20,000, but the proposal was opposed by landowners and merchants on the river, while the Navigator, published in 1788, estimated that around 500 men who were employed to bow-haul boats would have lost their jobs. [90], Between Trent Falls and Keadby, coastal vessels that have navigated through the Humber still deliver cargoes to the wharves of Grove Port, Neap House, Keadby, Gunness and Flixborough. [9] A traditional but almost certainly wrong opinion is that of Izaak Walton, who states in The Compleat Angler (1653) that the Trent is " so called from thirty kind of fishes that are found in it, or for that it receiveth thirty lesser rivers. The native and migrant species are still spotted in River Trent where they live on the nature reserves and wetland areas. The complex of three bridges provides evidence of attempts to keep a crossing open over slightly more than two hundred years from 1097, with three bridges constructed on the same site but felled by scouring, floods and course migration of the river to the south eroding the bridgehead. The variation in these factors is also reflected in the contrasting runoff characteristics and subsequent inflows of the principal tributaries. The River Trent is the third longest river in England with a length of 298 km, and the second largest in terms of flow, with a basin estimating 10,435 km 2 . [69][70][71], In the lower tidal reaches the Trent has a high sediment load, this fine silt which is also known as warp', was used to improve the soil by a process known as warping, whereby river water was allowed to flood into adjacent fields through a series of warping drains, enabling the silt to settle out across the land. Downstream of Burton upon Trent, the river increasingly trends northwards, cutting off a portion of Nottinghamshire and nearly all of Lincolnshire from his share, north of the Trent. Crossing a wide flood plain, the bridge is almost one mile (1.6km) long, a laborious project to allow flood waters to pass under it. For example, Birmingham lies at the upper end of the Tame, and Leicester is located towards the head of the Soar. In Nottingham the heights of significant historic floods from 1852 have been carved into a bridge abutment next to Trent Bridge, with flood marks being transferred from the medieval Hethbeth bridge that pre-dated the existing 19th-century crossing. A plan to build six locks between Cromwell and Holme, and to dredge this section to ensure it was 60 feet (18m) wide and 5 feet (1.5m) deep was authorised by an Act of Parliament obtained in 1906. Sir Ernest Jardine, who as vice-chairman had partly funded the first lock at Cromwell in 1908, died in 1947, and the company ceased to exist in 1948 when the waterways were nationalised. The mighty River Trent is one of England's major rivers. At Colwick near Nottingham, the average flow rises to 83.8m3/s (2,960cuft/s), due to the combined inputs of the other major tributaries namely the Dove, Derwent and Soar. and the town was also a key place on long-distance routeways . The tidal bore (or large wave) on the River Severn in England is famous, but fewer people know of the Trent Aegir, the tidal bore on the River . The lower river occupies a peaty depression in the . [54][57], At the other extreme, extended periods of low rainfall can also cause problems. Having taken over responsibility for the waterway, the Transport Commission enlarged Newark Town lock in 1952, and the flood lock at Holme was removed to reduce the risk of flooding in Nottingham. The work was completed by September 1787, and dividends of 5 per cent were paid on the capital during 1786 and 1787, increasing to 7 per cent, the maximum allowed by the Act, after that. More specifically, the name may be a contraction of two Romano-British words, tros ("over") and hynt ("way"). Throughout history, the river has been a main route for trade and travel. In order to retain control of the whole river, they supported the inclusion of the Beeston Cut in the bill for the Nottingham Canal, which prevented the Erewash Canal company from getting permission to build it, and then had the proposal removed from the Nottingham Canal company's bill in return for their support of the main bill. [36][37], Downstream of Armitage the solid geology is primarily Mercia Mudstones, the course of the river following the arc of these mudstones as they pass through the Midlands all the way to the Humber. Such was the case at Willington, Gunthorpe and Gainsborough. This combination can produce a water-logged catchment that can respond rapidly in terms of runoff, to any additional rainfall. A number of the smaller Trent tributaries are still named as warping drains, such as Morton warping drain, near Gainsborough. Over the study period the returns revealed that there was a variation in the species caught, with a shift from roach and dace based catches, to one of chub and bream, a change that was perceived by anglers to represent a serious detriment to the fishery. Hayne subsequently scuppered a barge in King's Lock, and for the next eight years goods had to be transhipped around it. [116][161], Glover noted in 1829 that all three types of crossing were still in use on the Derbyshire section of the Trent, but that the fords were derelict and dangerous. With a course of 143 miles . Restrictions on size mean that the largest vessels that can be accommodated are 100m (330ft) long and 4,500 tonnes. [95], Although commercial use of the river has declined, the lower river between Cromwell and Nottingham can still take large motor barges up to around 150 feet (46m) in length[90] with a capacity of approx 300 tonnes. [31][32][33], Elsewhere there is a distinct contrast between the open limestone areas of the White Peak in the Dove catchment, and the large woodland areas, including Sherwood Forest in the Dukeries area of the Idle catchment, the upland Charnwood Forest, and the National Forest in the Soar and Mease drainage basins respectively. Up to 0.3 metres (1ft) of deposition could occur in a single season, and depths of 1.5 metres (5ft) have been accumulated over time at some locations. A vestige of the saline marshes created by the brine springs that seep from the groundwater of the Mercia mudstones, the reserve contains salt tolerant species normally found on the coast, such as sea plantain, arrowgrass and milkwort. This ranges from moorland grazing of sheep in the upland areas, through to improved pasture and mixed farms in the middle reaches, where dairy farming is important. Failure to raise much of the capital resulted in another Act being obtained in 1887, with similar aims and similar results. The most important in terms of the river are the extensive sandstone and limestone aquifers that underlie many of the tributary catchments. "[10], The Trent rises within the Staffordshire Moorlands district, near the village of Biddulph Moor, from a number of sources including the Trent Head Well. This was caused by fumes rising from the river. Beneath the alluvium are widespread deposits of sand and gravel, which also occur as gravel terraces considerably above the height of the current river level. At Besthorpe near Newark, breeding pairs of little egrets and grey herons have been observed. Riverside lakes near Shardlow act as a reserve water source for Nottingham and Derby, and water is also abstracted at Torksey and Newton-on-Trent for supplies in Lincolnshire. At this point, between Alkborough and Faxfleet the river reaches the boundary with Yorkshire and joins the River Ouse to form the Humber which flows into the North Sea.[11]. It is then joined by other small streams to form the Head of Trent, which flows south, to the only reservoir along its course at Knypersley. And cuts me from the best of all my land In quantity equals not one of yours: [174][175] [11], At Shardlow, where the Trent and Mersey Canal begins, the river also meets the Derwent at Derwent Mouth. The only time it was settled was in the winter of 872 to 873 and, as a result, we can be pretty sure that all these finds date from that winter. key towns of river bann. Jessop carried out a survey for a side cut and lock at Sawley in 1789, and it was built by 1793. Navigation can be difficult, and there have been a number of incidents with ships running aground and in one case, striking Keadby Bridge. [177], The primary reason for locating so many generating stations beside the Trent was the availability of sufficient amounts of cooling water from the river. [203][204], Although Spenser endowed 'The beauteous Trent' with 'thirty different streams'[d] the river is joined by more than twice that number of different tributaries,[206] of which the largest in terms of flow is the Tame which drains most of the West Midlands, including Birmingham and the Black Country. [138][139][140][141], The Trent valley also links together other SSSI and local nature reserves, which have varying habitats not only for birds, but also mammals, insects and fish, a good example is the tributary River Mease where the entire watercourse has been designated both as a SSSI and a European special area of conservation. [23], On 1718 March 1947 the Trent overtopped its banks in Nottingham. [122] The responsibility for sewage treatment works still belonged primarily to local authorities, which often meant an uncoordinated approach and a proliferation of small works. The upper Bann rises in the Mourne Mountains and flows northwest to Lough (lake) Neagh. Flowing for 143 miles, the vast waterway is the fourth-longest in the UK and its history is . [95], Frank Rayner, who had been with the company since 1887, and had served as its engineer and later general manager since 1896, died in December 1945. Using invertebrates as an indicator of pollution levels, it was appropriately named the Trent Biotic index. Downstream of the reservoir it passes through Stoke-on-Trent and merges with the Lyme, Fowlea and other brooks that drain the six towns of the Staffordshire Potteries to become the River Trent. [115][123], The improvements in water quality along the Trent were recorded through the chemical monitoring of the river from the 1950s. It flows through the most frequented national Park in the country - The Peak District. These levels extend across the Trent valley, and include the lower reaches of the Eau, Torne and Idle. The UK's third longest river, the Trent, touches the lives of more than six million people. [7] This may indeed indicate a river that is prone to flooding. [180][181], There is one hydroelectric power station on the river, Beeston Hydro at Beeston Weir. There is a canoe slalom course at Stone, a purpose built 700m (2,300ft) artificial course at Holme Pierrepont, and various weirs including those at Newark and Sawley are all used for whitewater paddling. [54][55][56], Another meteorological risk, although one that occurs less often, is that related to the rapid melting of snow lying in the catchment. Large parts of the city and surrounding areas were flooded with 9,000 properties and nearly a hundred industrial premises affected some to first floor height. [91] Eventually in 1805, they reached an agreement with Henshall & Co., the leading canal carriers, for the closure of the river above Wilden Ferry. [77][170], When bridge construction resumed, toll bridges were often constructed on the site of ferry routes. Unusually for an English river, the channel altered significantly during historic times, and has been described as being similar to the Mississippi in this respect, especially in its middle reaches, where there are numerous old meanders and cut-off loops. Intensive arable farming of cereals and root vegetables, chiefly potatoes and sugar beet occurs in the lowland areas, such as the Vale of Belvoir and the lower reaches of the Trent, Torne and Idle. [172][173], The toll bridges were mostly bought out by the county councils in the 19th century following government reforms, one of the earliest being Willington in 1898, the first toll free crossing was marked by a procession across the bridge and a day of celebration. It also includes the green spaces and gardens of . [17] Farther downstream at Hemington, archaeologists have found the remains of a medieval bridge across another abandoned channel. Domestic effluent and polluting discharges from the metal working industries in the upper reaches, combined to affect the whole length of the tributary River Tame. [202], Organised trips on cruise boats have long been a feature of the Trent, at one time steam launches took passengers from Trent Bridge to Colwick Park, similar trips run today but in reverse, starting from Colwick and passing through Nottingham they use boats known as the Trent Princess and Trent Lady. The river then continues south through the market town of Stone, and after passing the village of Salt, it reaches Great Haywood, where it is spanned by the 16th-century Essex Bridge near Shugborough Hall. The river starts life at Wooley Moor near Bude in Cornwall, just four miles south of the Bristol Sea coast. [48][50] The Trent River is a river in southeastern Ontario which flows from Rice Lake to empty into the Bay of Quinte on Lake Ontario.This river is part of the Trent-Severn Waterway which leads to Georgian Bay.The river is 90 kilometres (56 mi) long. The river frontage in the town is lined with warehouses, that were once used when the town was an inland port, many of which have been renovated for modern use. It also incorporates the iconic Howden, Derwent and Ladybower Reservoirs. [11], Downstream of Nottingham it passes Radcliffe on Trent, Stoke Bardolph and Burton Joyce before reaching Gunthorpe with its bridge, lock and weir. [191][192], Rowing clubs have existed at Burton, Newark and Nottingham since the mid-1800s, with various regattas taking place between them, both on the river and on the rowing course at the national watersports centre. [162] One of the earliest known fords was the crossing at Littleborough, constructed by the Romans it was paved with flagstones, and supported by substantial timber pilings. There are other big events each year like the Oxford and Cambridge University Boat Races . [59], In terms of rainfall the Derwent receives the highest annual average rainfall, whereas the Devon, which has the lowest average rainfall is the driest catchment of those tabulated. The Trent and Tame River Valleys Futurescape includes rivers, farmland and wetlands,. The last act of the directors was to pay a 7.5 per cent dividend on the shares in 1950. [115], The Tame pollution also reached the Trent as well, with one of the worse affected reaches being that downstream of the confluence with the Tame through Burton, this being exacerbated by its late introduction of sewage treatment, and the substantial wastewater arising from the breweries in the town. The bridges at Wolseley, Wychnor and the main span at Swarkestone were all destroyed. Its drainage basin covers more than 4,000 square miles (10,000 square km). [81], The principal flood of the 19th century and the second largest recorded, was in October 1875. Hayne's lease expired in 1762, and Lord Paget's son, the Earl of Uxbridge, gave the new lease to the Burton Boat Company. [125] The river remains vulnerable to these pollution events, such as the one that occurred in October 2009 when an accidental release of cyanide from a factory into the sewer system in Stoke-on-Trent, affected the treatment works at Strongford. [46]:3647 Four of these main tributaries, including the Dove and Derwent which drain the upland Peak District, all join within the middle reaches, giving rise to a comparatively energetic river system for the UK. [143], Improvements in water quality and subsequent fish stocks, in combination with the ban on the use of certain persistent pesticides have meant that otters have now returned to the Trent system, having been absent as recently as the 1980s. In Nottingham a cart overturned in the floodwaters near the Wilford Road and six people drowned, dwellings nearby were flooded to a depth of 6 feet (1.8m). An extra set of gates were added to Cromwell lock in 1935, effectively creating a second lock, while the Lenton to Trent Lock section was leased from the LNER in 1936, and ultimately purchased in 1946. [125][144][145][146] Seals have been reported up to near the head of the tidal section at Newark. key towns of river banniridescent telecaster pickguard. 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