At age 7, he contracted smallpox, leaving his face scarred. After escaping from exile, he was marked by the Okhranka, (the tsar's secret police) as an outlaw and continued his work in hiding, raising money through robberies, kidnappings and extortion. Answer (1 of 36): Question: Was Josef Stalin the most powerful ruler of all time? What were the 34 most significant differences between ideas of regional identity in the North and in the South during the Civil War? That didnt work. In 1888, she managed to enroll him in church school in Gori. Stalinism's excesses left deep scars across Eastern Europe, where many people still revile him for communist-era brutality and intolerance. Of course, that position changed in practice after the Bolsheviks took power. 2013, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/do-you-think-stalin-was-good-leader-427444. So the ideas become important. He married Eva Braun on April 30, 1945. They understood that Lenins vision gave them an important role to get out there and agitate and propagandize. It also sheds light on the underappreciated legacy of Georgias social democrats, who played a leading role in the 1905 and 1917 revolutions and established an independent, Menshevik-led republic in 19181921. Under Stalin, the Soviet Union was transformed from a peasant society into an industrial and. That positive opinion is boosted by current frustration over social policy and economic hardship, she said. Stalin at a young age he endured smallpox when he was only 7. Stalin believed that collectivism would accelerate food production, but the peasants resented losing their land and working for the state. It was during this time that he adopted the name Stalin, meaning "steel" in Russian. The German Social Democratic Party was considered the most progressive party in Europe at the time. However, he has found a rekindled popularity among many of Russia's young people. First of all, the seminary was run by the most ruthless and repressive Russian Orthodox priests who looked down on the Georgians and were intent on Russifying them. He was ready to make concessions, but ultimately the Georgian Bolsheviks created facts on the ground, and then there was a Soviet Georgia. To most of the world, Joseph Stalin, who died 60 years ago today, is a monster the architect of violent purges and labor camps that killed millions of Russians . One of the most extraordinary things about Soviet history is that after the revolution, they not only recognized these republics but created literally thousands of villages and areas in Ukraine, Russia, and elsewhere for other nationalities. The secretary wrote down his last words: Please, tell my friends that Im confident in the victory of the Fourth International Carry on. Ramon Mercader spent 19 years and 8 months in prison after his release, he moved to the USSR and received the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union. The latter was the main associate of the undisputed leader of the Bolsheviks Vladimir Lenin. The struggle between the two party leaders entered its open phase, due to Lenins illness the leader of the party couldnt engage in political activity anymore; he simply withdrew. And there was a nationalist movement, and there were nationalist intellectuals, very important poets and writers like Ilia Chavchavadze, Akaki Tsereteli, and so forth. Was Hitler a gambler or a planner up to 1939? The latter was the main associate of the undisputed leader of the Bolsheviks - Vladimir Lenin.The influence and authority of Trotsky were so large that, after the October Revolution, he could rise to the position of the head of the new government . Let us know your assignment type and we'll make sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you need. No, I do not think that Stalin was a good leader. During World War II became the Party 's leader and absolute ruler of the Soviet Union. Who will take control and seize power? Marxism and socialism are basically a democratic expansion of bourgeois liberal democracy. This has to come from social democrats and from a social-democratic party, in this case a conspiratorial party because Russia was a police state. There are obviously many differences between Georgia and those other countries, but the parallels are striking. What did the Gilded Age reformers have in common with Jackson era reformers? What are some examples of his manipulation? Why did it take so long? Chennai, Mar 1 (PTI) DMK President and Chief Minister M K Stalin turned 70 on Wednesday and his party and supporters are celebrating his birthday across Tamil Nadu with fervour and Prime Minister Narendra Modi and a host of leaders wished him on the occasion. They gave that village their own Jewish soviet, and their own right to have their own national representation in Ukraine. As you said, the book covers from his birth to the 1917 revolution, the young Stalin. The authority and influence of Trotsky were so massive that Stalin back then already contemplated how to get rid of this competitor. A loyal henchman of Joseph Stalin's while he was alive, Nikita Khrushchev went against him after the fearsome leader died. There should be no apology by people on the Left for Stalin. With Soviet troops liberating countries in Eastern Europe, Stalin was again in a strong position and negotiated virtually a free hand in reorganizing their governments. Our new issue on nationalism is out now. Then, Operation Mother commenced Spanish communist Ramon Mercader was supposed to infiltrate the inner circle of Trotsky and get rid of him. Maybe, if I live long enough, Ill write the second volume. Stalin killed millions. And in certain [], A journal of theory and strategy published by Jacobin, Taking Back Left Parties From the Brahmins, The World That Made Stalin and the World That Stalin Made, Amadeo Bordiga Was the Last Communist to Challenge Stalin to His Face. In 1956, after Stalin's death, came a watershed moment: Communist leader Nikita Khrushchev denounced the Stalin personality cult and dictatorship, in a secret speech to the 20th Party Congress. Joseph Stalin maneuvered to take control of the Soviet Union after Vladimir Lenin's death. Josef Stalin served as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union 's Central Committee from 1922 until his death in 1953. eNotes Editorial, 12 Apr. And I said, Oh, Im interested in the labor movement, Marxism, social democracy, revolution. And he said to me, Oh, good. And then you had Russian officialdom, with the autocracy at the top and its officials in the military. Russian attitudes to Stalin have changed over the decades. Stalinism All Rights Reserved. Reason 1: he praised Hitler Reason 2: he suppressed his people. The mainstream Georgian social democrats also wound up shifting their approach to the national question once they took power. So one wouldve expected that the nationalist movement in Georgia wouldve been the most powerful. He is currently more popular in Russia now than at any time since the collapse of the Soviet Union, thanks to a rehabilitation campaign by Russian president Vladimir Putin. To be fair to everyone, we should consider each person and the knowledge, experience, skill, confidence, commitment and motivation he or she brings to each task, activity or behavior. Roosevelt died that April and was replaced by President Harry S. Truman. Nationalism, the new issue of Jacobin is out now. Danh mc . But you dont do biography without psychology. In the Soviet army, it takes more courage to retreat than advance. It worked very effectively, because Georgia, like most countries, is a multinational society. Stalin is a bandit, a gangster, a womanizer, even a pedophile in the book. However, once in power he was not a good leader. Stalin was a good leader but in good and bad ways. Stalin was very good at that. He is the author of The Baku Commune, 1917-1918: Class and Nationality in the Russian Revolution (Princeton University Press, 1972), among many other works. When the Nazi blitzkrieg struck in June 1941, the Soviet Army was completely unprepared and immediately suffered massive losses. Accounts differ as to the reason; official school records state he was unable to pay the tuition and withdrew. The Marxists became the leaders, and suddenly Georgian Marxism, later Georgian Menshevism, had a popular base, one far bigger than Menshevism had anywhere else in the empire. Stalin decided not to resort to extreme measures: Trotsky was removed from his posts, expelled from the party and, in 1929, expelled from the USSR. Stalin remains popular in the former USSR to this day- a recent poll put him as the third greatest Russian in history. Caricature on Trotsky, depicting him as a cruel killer of masses. Chapter 3-4 review. This was an obscure, distant area, very complex to understand, and I had suffered enough to learn the languages of the area. Joseph Stalin rose to power as General Secretary of the .css-47aoac{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#A00000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-47aoac:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}Communist Party in Russia, becoming a Soviet dictator after the death of Vladimir Lenin. Inshallah. Lenin wanted to give more autonomy, because he was more sensitive to the national question, to the non-Russian peoples and the non-Russian republics. When the Kremlin tried to kill Russian opposition leader Alexey Navalny, his wife launched an epic battle to save his lifeand became the face of the resistance to Vladimir Putin. Some social democrats said, We should get involved in this movement, but others said, My goodness, were Marxists, were for the working class. was stalin a fair leader. He advocated full-scale terror and dictatorship within the country, as well as spreading the fire of Revolution across the entire world. 3-hour delivery Pay if satisfied Get your price In the course of the Civil War, the Red Army, created by Trotsky, needed experienced combatants and commanders thats why he advocated recruiting former Imperial army officers. Trotsky making a speech in front of the soldiers. On a hot day, Mercader came dressed in a raincoat, but that didnt alert anyone such a regular he was in the house. What's he waiting for? Stalin was so distraught at Hitler's treachery that he hid in his office for several days. I think thats a right-wing and very conservative if not reactionary impulse. The Levada poll (in Russian) is the highest rating for Stalin in the past 20 years - a period that has seen his portrait reappear across Russia, often with official approval. 4 U.S. Presidents Who Won the Nobel Peace Prize, Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads, Name: Joseph Stalin, Birth Year: 1878, Birth date: December 18, 1878, Birth City: Gori, Georgia, Birth Country: Russia. This pamphlet is often misunderstood as a call for intellectuals to dominate the working class. Many Russians were shocked to learn the truth in the late 1980s, when former Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev lifted the veil on Stalinism, with his "glasnost" (openness) policy. Theyll be satisfied to stay within the capitalist system and get a bigger piece of the economic pie, and not become revolutionary. Stalinism was the usurpation of power from the people, the decimation of the trade unions and the independence of ordinary people into a top-down dictatorship. Best Known For: Joseph Stalin ruled the Soviet Union for more than two decades, instituting a reign of death and terror while modernizing Russia and helping to defeat Nazism. That is, that you develop a sense of who you are as a nation, you revolt against colonialism, and you make your new state. Stalin was born 18 December 1878 in poverty and he had daddy issue. When it comes to use of the word "genocide," public opinion has been kinder to Stalin than Hitler. January 8, 2015. "Stalin was the best master. Hitler is famous for many quotes such as "Any alliance whose purpose is not the intention to wage war is senseless and useless." Around 1913, he produced a pamphlet which is sometimes called Marxism and the National Question it has various titles. Yet he is increasingly paranoid and purges the Communist party and Army of anyone who might oppose him. He knew how to play those internal political games, and he had his own ideas. This only deepened Stalin's suspicion of the West, as millions of Russians died. The situation changed at the Potsdam Conference in July 1945. Im interested in his women. So I thought, Well, okay, we have a nice division of labor.. The other village children treated him cruelly, instilling in him a sense of inferiority. But given the dominance of bourgeois culture, of the hegemony, as he called it, of bourgeois ideas, its very difficult for them to gravitate spontaneously toward socialism. Azerbaijanis were pro-Turkish, Armenians were obviously anti-Turkish because they had just been massacred in the genocide of 1915. This is not, in my mind, the sign of someone who is truly a good leader. Hitler. A few years later he was injured in a carriage accident which left arm slightly deformed (some accounts state his arm trouble was a result of blood poisoning from the injury). But its based on the conventions of historical scholarship, which is looking for anomalies and dealing with contradictions. Stalin is infamous for his cruel regime and role in WWII when his support encouraged Nazi Germany to start the war. Was Stalin a fair leader? Trotsky, however, was the head of the Council, so the struggle between the two continued. The period known as the Great Purge eventually extended beyond the party elite to local officials suspected of counter-revolutionary activities. Any intelligent person can read the book and understand whats going on. DeSantis won't say he's running. The Marxists became the leaders, and suddenly Georgian Marxism, later Georgian Menshevism, had a popular base, one far bigger than Menshevism had anywhere else in the empire. Joseph Stalin, as he was previously known to me, is credited as the hero of the second World War, guilty of genocide, terrorism, and is recognized amongst the great statesmen of the 20th century. The Purges Following the death of Lenin in 1924, Stalin (whose name means "man of steel") had emerged as the leader of the Soviet Union. My biography is not psychoanalytical. Georgian was not permitted to be spoken widely, and there was a kind of anti-national thrust to this institution. The Death of Stalin was one of the most acclaimed films of recent years. 2. The influence and authority of Trotsky were so large that, after the October Revolution, he could. Imagine the impact on young and energetic revolutionaries like Stalin when they read this pamphlet. Stalin certainly personally held anti-semitic views while simultaneously being a close friend and comrade of Jewish party members. Was Stalins support for the invasion just a legacy of his factional struggles with Georgian Mensheviks, or was it more principled than that? But whats very interesting is that, in the 1890s, certain Georgian intellectuals, many of whom came out of the same religious Orthodox seminary that Stalin would go through, migrated to Poland and to Russia and came back with what was then the most progressive, Western, revolutionary, modernizing philosophy: Marxism. By March, the tsar had abdicated the throne and was placed under house arrest. Stalin gathered his loyal associates around him and began to push Trotsky out of the party. The Allies responded with the massive Berlin Airlift, supplying the city and eventually forcing Stalin to back down. Stalin was opposed to the views of others like the Georgian Mensheviks, or the Jewish Bund, or the Austro-Marxists, who argued for something that you can call extraterritorial national cultural autonomy. This would mean that citizens of the state carry their ethnicity and nationality around with them wherever they live in the state. Others wanted this extraterritorial national cultural autonomy. With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. Trotsky, can you do that? Trotsky turns him down, saying Oh, you know, Vladimir Ilyich, I have to write my article right now on literature and revolution. Stalin says, Ill do it. Thats not a true story, but thats what Stalin was good at: internal party politics, recruiting followers, finding loyalists with whom he could work, or he could reward. Latest answer posted January 15, 2021 at 11:09:50 AM. Stalin is also considered one of the most dangerous totalitarian leaders in history, his violent excesses often compared to those of Adolf Hitler. richard coyle purdy coyle; Tags . Demonized by the western propaganda, we fought very hard against. It was commissioned by Lenin and it basically followed Lenins ideas. Subscribe today to get it in print! For successful leaders, being fair means prioritizing and ensuring that everyone has access to what they need. The hero of the story is Koba, a ferocious outlaw who lives in the mountains and takes revenge on those who have committed injustices against the people. He has some of the conventional sources, but hes not interested in the intricacies of this movement, or of Stalins early psychology. In 1922, Stalin was appointed to the newly created office of general secretary of the Communist Party. When Stalin went into the seminary he was in fact a kind of romantic Georgian nationalist. Stalin joined the group in 1898. Joseph Stalin is having a bit of a moment. Is it fair to say that the Georgian movement anticipated, in certain ways, some of the national liberation movements that blended socialism and nationalism later in the twentieth century in China, Vietnam, or Cuba? His Red Army helped defeat Nazi Germany during World War II. The fledgling Soviet government went through a violent period after the revolution as various individuals vied for position and control. Here are 10 facts about Joseph Stalin. Stalin did show some ability to lead since he got himself to the highest level of power. Thats extraordinary. I learned Georgian, which is very difficult. Stalin, of course, was precisely that. So he took on the nickname Koba, and close friends called him that to the end of his life. To make matters worse, the purges of the 1930s had depleted the Soviet Army and government leadership to the point where both were nearly dysfunctional. Before it could be executed, however, Stalin died on March 5, 1953. After Lenin's death, in 1924, Stalin set out to destroy the old party leadership and take total control. It destroyed many of the important achievements that were won earlier. The son of Besarion Jughashvili, a cobbler, and . They tried a Caucasian federation. Chris Maisano is a Jacobin contributing editor and a member of Democratic Socialists of America. In 1917, there was a euphoria of popular participation, committees, resolutions, and so forth. Its not hard to explain why. Stalin would have been a good mafia boss, or corporate CEO. The latter was the main associate of the undisputed leader of the Bolsheviks - Vladimir Lenin. So they shifted what could have been a more ethnically oriented opposition into a kind of class or social opposition. HOME; ABOUT; EQUIPMENT; SERVICES; CONTACT; was stalin a fair leader So he and Ordzhonikidze not only sent the army to get rid of the Mensheviks, but, for the next couple years, they fought against local Georgian national Bolsheviks, who wanted to have greater autonomy for Soviet Georgia. Therefore, if the Finns or the Poles or the Ukrainians want to be independent from Russia, we have to support their national aspirations. He pushed this position, and he said, We should support national self-determination, to the point of separation from the empire. This was a radical position in the movement. Im Armenian by heritage but born in the United States, so Armenian was not my native language. Its important to remember that Lenin didnt just want intellectuals to do this work, he wanted workers too. Its a fascinating and tragic story. The first assassination attempt plan received the codename Horse a battle group opened fire on Trotskys residence. From 1929 to 1 953, Stalin was the leader of the . Between 1917 and 1922, Lenin's government was quite pluralistic. Libr. Why was the leader of nations so afraid of his former ally? ng bi lc Thng Mt 19, 2023. If that's not free and fair, I don't know what is! - Joseph Stalin, The Cold War (Part 1) Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin, born Ioseb Besarionis dz Jughashvili, was the ruler of the Soviet Union from 1927 to 1953. Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin terrorised his own people, but for the first time a survey suggests that most Russians view him favourably. You had a small, largely Georgian aristocracy at the top, and then a business-owning middle class which was largely Armenian. Then I went to Georgia. Ronald Sunys Stalin: Passage to Revolution traces Josef Stalins trajectory from his boyhood in Georgia to the Russian Revolution in 1917. For the next few years, from May 1918 until February 1921, you have a Menshevik-led democratic republic. Even Lenin, who was gravely ill, was helpless to regain control from Stalin. There were many Marxists, like Rosa Luxemburg or Nikolai Bukharin for a time, and others, who thought any and all forms of nationalism should be rejected. By Cynthia Haven At a young age, his family was . New Stalin statues have gone up in various places. But Stalin still wanted everyone in the Communist Party and Soviet government to bend to his will. It's complicated. They traditionally were not in favor of national territorial autonomy for Georgia but rather regional self-government within a larger Russian multinational state. "Quantity has a quality all its own.". The influence and authority of Trotsky were so large that, after the October Revolution, he could rise to the position of the head of the new government, but he willingly surrendered it to Lenin. He was able to hold Stalin off while he was still alive, but he had several strokes, became incapacitated, and died in January 1924. Most people who lived during Stalin say it was a time of rapid growth of healthcare, education, infastructure, and living standards. What I found was that the rigidity and repressiveness of the Orthodox seminary created in young Georgians a kind of alienation, or what I call a double-realization crisis. Any subject Min. It's also speculated he was asked to leave due to his political views challenging the tsarist regime of Nicholas II. What were his basic perspectives on the national question, and how did they differ from some of the other viewpoints in the movement, both in Russia and elsewhere? My book is basically a scholarly book, but I tried to write it in an accessible way. However, further paranoia set in and Stalin soon conducted a vast reign of terror, having people arrested in the night and put before spectacular show trials. According to Levada's research, in the early 2000s Russian opinion was roughly balanced between those pro- and anti-Stalin. In February 1917, the Russian Revolution began. Lets say you have a Jewish village in Ukraine somewhere, and theres a majority of Jews there, and its fairly coherent. What are some questions that I could ask in an interview with someone [not white], regarding the Separate Amenities Act during apartheid? Trotsky out of the party & # x27 ; s death regime of Nicholas II my mind, the Stalin! 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Truman the Nazi blitzkrieg struck June! Then you had Russian officialdom, with the autocracy at the top, and so forth say it a... Not, in 1924, Stalin was born 18 December 1878 in poverty and he said, the new of... A more ethnically oriented opposition into a kind of romantic Georgian nationalist acclaimed films of years! Was a kind of romantic Georgian nationalist anomalies and dealing with contradictions bigger piece the! Gravely Ill, was helpless to regain control from Stalin on Trotsky, however, has! Executed, however, was helpless to regain control from Stalin deep scars Eastern... The working class statues have gone up in various places left deep scars across Eastern Europe where... Name Stalin, the sign of someone who is truly a good mafia boss, or of early! Under Stalin, meaning `` steel '' in Russian the latter was the main associate the! Took power Revolution, the book and understand whats going on March 5, 1953 powerful ruler the... 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