When Nixon reshuffled his agency heads and made Schlesinger secretary of defense, Colby emerged as a natural candidate for DCIapparently on the basis of the recommendation that he was a professional who would not make waves. "This was a shocker," Mr. Colby recounted in his 1978 memoir, "Honorable Men" (Simon & Schuster). She wasnt forthcoming about any insights into his character, Carl said. She also came to realize, after her husband asked her for a divorce, that she didn't know him as well as she thought. Uploaded by [4] He was often referred to as "the warriorpriest". William E. Colby, 76, Head of C.I.A. Why Was Former CIA Director William Colby Assassinated? In the film, Carl wonders whether his friends were right when they called his dad a "murderer" for running the notorious Phoenix Program - a CIA operation in the Vietnam War sought to ferret out Viet Cong agents in South Vietnam. [24] The film is about the oldest question: Who are your father and mother? [6] In 1984, he divorced Barbara and married Democratic diplomat Sally Shelton-Colby. Because you don't know 10 years out what you're going to face. ``He fought fascism and communism and lived to see democracy take hold in the world., President Clinton said in a statement, ``Through a quarter of a century at the CIA, William Colby played a pivotal role in shaping our nations intelligence community. His father, a sensitive nonconformist who wrote and taught literature, became a career Army officer. During this period he also wrote two books, both of which were memoirs of his professional life combined with discussions of history and policy. Under diplomatic cover, he served at the U.S. embassies in Stockholm and Rome, and became the CIA station chief in Saigon in 1959. Diplomatic History is the official journal of Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations (SHAFR). Ten years ago, when Jason Wallace opened his Strange Brew Pub live music room in Norwich, he had zero idea that, ultimately, some of his most popular events would be the Wednesday Themed Trivia Nights Film co-produced by Waterford woman tells story of art rescued from Nazis. He married Barbara Heinzen (19202015) in 1945 and they had five children. The secrets did not keep. The William E. Colby Military Writers Symposium, Deputy Director of Central Intelligence for Operations, Deputy Assistant For National Security Affairs, Learn how and when to remove this template message, United States Permanent Representative to NATO, "Surrender -- French Policy toward the Spanish Civil War", "Interview with William Egan Colby, 1981. They are especially upset with the film's suggestion that the former spymaster spent his retirement in deep regret and killed himself on a canoeing trip in the mid-1990s. Mr. Colby cooperated, and the skeletons began tumbling out of the closet. The film: The Man Nobody Knew: In Search of My Father, CIA Spymaster William Colby. Its director and narrator: his second-oldest son, Carl Colby. Carl didn't know his father. He left Saigon in 1962 and returned in 1966, eventually taking charge of the Vietnamese pacification program and its Phoenix project, aimed at rooting out the Viet Cong, the communist guerrilla organization. Colby also focused on internal reforms within the CIA and the intelligence community. In The Man Nobody Knew, Carl, the narrator, traces his fathers career as an intelligence operative in World War II to his tenure as CIA director. His name appears on a note to Senator John Heinz dated July 5, 1989 as a "National Sponsor". Colby served as DCI under President Richard Nixon and President Gerald Ford until January 30, 1976; he was succeeded at the CIA by George H. W. Bush. During World War II, he parachuted behind enemy lines twice and earned the Silver Star as well as commendations from Norway, France, and Great Britain. His father, Elbridge Colby, who came from a New England family with a history of military and public service, was a professor of English, an author, and a military officer who served in the Army and in university positions in Tientsin, China; Georgia; Vermont; and Washington, D.C. He was responsible for all the agency's covert operations in Asia from 1962 to 1967, as the United States went to war in Vietnam. The agency's clandestine officers called the list "the family jewels," or "the skeletons." Colby's time as DCI was also eventful on the world stage. Bill was initially reluctant, but he soon joined in the relationship. Anyone can read what you share. ", Carl kept the wrenching footage to bolster the film's credibility, he said. During World War II Colby served with the Office of Strategic Services. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. Emily Langer is a reporter on The Washington Posts obituaries desk. experience and a deep antipathy to Fascism and Communism. As bullets whined through the windows of their home, William Colby recalled, he barricaded his wife and children upstairs. She was his little sister. In the documentary, Carl Colby said that his mother did everything for the mission., She hadnt signed up for this, he said, But she did it.. william colby daughter death. WebNancy Beth Cruzan was injured seriously in a one-car accident on January 11, 1983, on an isolated country road in southwest Missouri. . His brothers and sister had their own relationship with him, he said. Ultimately, the movie reveals Carl's ambivalence about his dad. At Bill's funeral the next month, Shelton-Colby, who wears on her left arm the watch she gave Bill as a wedding present, remembers one moment more than most. [7][23] In May 2013, Randall B. Diplomatic History The coroners report listed the cause of death as a drowning, brought on by a stroke or heart attack. Her father, Karl, was president of the Bayer drug manufacturer in the mid-1930s. Colby then worked briefly for the National Labor Relations Board in Washington and signed on with the Central Intelligence Agency. Even though the movie shows Bill testifying before Congress, saying that he issued an order against assassination, Paul, the youngest brother, said he still believes the film slams their father as a mass assassin. (In his memoir Honorable Men, Bill wrote that the vast majority of Phoenix deaths occurred in combat actions with Vietnamese and American military forces. As I wrote in a retrospective column in The Hill two days after Colby's body was recovered when he vanished on a solo canoe trip in the Chesapeake Bay in May, 1996, his death "was one of those events that seems destined to Or purchase a subscription for unlimited access to real news you can count on. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. He was born May 2, 1921, in Amboy, OH, and was a son of Earl L. and Dorothy L. (Frary) Colby. The CIA women worked behind the scenes, as not to out the spouses still employed there. Colbys body was found washed up Monday on a sandbar of the Wicomico River not far from his southern Maryland vacation home, eight days after his empty canoe was found nearby. Mr. Colby spent most of his adult life as a cold warrior in his country's clandestine service, "a soldier-priest," as a colleague called him, on a covert crusade. The contradictions followed him to the end. in a bottle and throw it away.". But Mrs. Colbys own loyalty kept her from complaining or letting anything interfere with his work, he wrote. This intelligence surprise reportedly affected Colby's credibility with the Nixon administration. William Egan Colby (January 4, 1920 May 6, 1996) was an American intelligence officer who served as Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) from September 1973 to January 1976. It had conducted LSD experiments on unwitting human guinea pigs. In August 1944, Colby parachuted into France to join a resistance group fighting to link up with advancing U.S. forces. Those hints grew darker in January 1975, after Mr. Colby dismissed James J. Angleton, for 20 years the agency's chief of counterintelligence. In some ways, The Man Nobody Knew is a quintessential Washington spook story, Michael OSullivan said in his Washington Post review of the film, told by a globe-trotting CIA brat who thought, for the longest time, that his father worked for the State Department., One of the most tenacious "what-ifs" of the Vietnam War is what John F. Kennedy would have done, Back in the late seventies or early eighties when I was working as a journalist in Washington, D.C.,, The documentary film Lioness takes a look at a group of female Army support soldiers, Thefifth annual San Francisco Veterans Film Festival, which will take place at Koret Auditorium at the main branch, Stay informed about the latest veteran news, 2023 Vietnam Veterans of America | All Rights Reserved, 8719 Colesville Road, Suite 100, Silver Spring, MD 20910 | 301-585-4000, Media Kit He was said to have been too candid in testimony to congressional investigators; he had long ago aroused the ire of the agencys old guard for trying to channel more effort into the gathering, evaluation and analysis of information and less into covert operation. After she identified the body on Monday, she thanked the searchers and said her husband had left the world a better place. Though a career officer, Elbridge Colby's professional pursuits focused less on strictly military activities and more on intellectual and scholarly contributions to military and literary subjects. William Colby died in 1996 in an apparent accidental I have walked in with a short shopping list and walked out with a RC drone. Mrs. Colby, 94, died July 16 in Washington. During a posting in Stockholm in the early 1950s, her husbands cover was as a Foreign Service officer. And the list went on and on, growing to 693 single-spaced pages. The couple met on a blind date and were married shortly after William Colby returned from service in Europe during World War II with the Office of Strategic Services. Colby was divorced in 1984 from the former Barbara Heinzen and married Sally Shelton. Mrs. Colby, 94, died July 16 in Washington. For the Colby family, the movie is yet one more turbulent moment stemming from the career of their patriarch, whose CIA directorship in the 1970s is one of the agencys most controversial. The apparent cause was a heart attack, her son Paul said. Redirect it, reduce the amount of money spent, but let's not destroy it. I guess I would say he was a complicated person whom maybe I didnt know as well as I would hope to think I did, Mrs. Colby said in her sons documentary. President Ford, advised by Henry Kissinger and others concerned by Colby's controversial openness to Congress and distance from the White House, replaced Colby late in 1975 with George H. W. Bush during the so-called Halloween Massacre in which Secretary of Defense Schlesinger was also replaced (by Donald Rumsfeld). ", The Colby family is bothered by the film's suggestion that Bill killed himself because he felt guilty for not doing more to comfort his eldest daughter, Catherine Colby, before her death in 1973 from epilepsy and anorexia. Bill was working with newly Democratic elected parliaments in Eastern Europe to help them figure out how to assert authorities over spy agencies, Shelton-Colby said. "The pain and sadness of losing (my father) has now been intensified by my brother Carl's inexplicable and unfounded attempt to debase the reputation and memory of a modest and decent man, a dedicated father, and an exemplary public servant. WebFor five years, Nancy Cruzan was kept alive by artificial means, though she showed no signs of recovery from the coma she had been in since the accident. "The worst thing I could have done was to sugarcoat my father and paint things as rosy.". The film has drawn criticism from family members. Robert M. Gates, the Director of Central Intelligence from 1991 to 1993, recalled that 1975 was the worst year in the agency's history. [21][22] Carl's step-mother and siblings, as well as Colby's biographer Randall Woods, criticized Carl's portrayal of Colby and rejected the allegation that the former CIA director killed himself, saying it was inconsistent with his character. This interview is from August 8th 2004. "My dad's shoes were off when they found his body, usually a sign of a drowning victim fighting to live," he said. On May 6, Colby's body was found in a marshy riverbank lying face down not far from where his canoe was found. Bill moved out of the family home in July 1983 to write a sequel to his memoir, Shelton-Colby said. [19][20], Colby's death triggered conspiracy theories that his death was due to foul play. Aiden Rodgers of Salem has won an award from Indie Short Fest, a Los Angeles-based international film competition. William Colby died in 1996 in an apparent accidental drowning in the Wicomico River in Maryland. Following his first year at Columbia, in 1941 Colby volunteered for active duty with the United States Army and served with the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) as a "Jedburgh", or special operator, trained to work with resistance forces in occupied Europe to harass German and Axis forces. From 1968 to 1971, under the aegis of the Agency for International Development, Mr. Colby had run programs that included Operation Phoenix. Sally Shelton-Colby needed to watch the documentary with friends, for emotional support. PRICE William Edger Colby (AKA) Gummer, 74, passed away unexpectedly at his home in Price on December 31, 2020. He enrolled in Princeton University in 1937 and graduated in 1940 with a liberal education and outlook, a Phi Beta Kappa key, R.O.T.C. Mr. Colby left Saigon and returned to Washington in 1971, in part to care for his eldest daughter, Catherine, who was slowly dying of anorexia nervosa. [16] His canoe was found the following day on a sandbar in the Wicomico River, a tributary of the Potomac, about 0.25 miles (0.40km) from his home. William Edger Colby. Vet documentarian Carl Colbys ambitious, decades-spanning film about his CIA spymaster father delves deeply into historical events William Colby helped to shape, from his OSS days during WWI The journal appeals to readers from a wide variety of disciplines, including American studies, international economics, American history, national security studies, and Latin-American, Asian, African, European, and Middle Eastern studies. In 1959, they moved to South Vietnam, where William Colby became station chief in Saigon, which is now called Ho Chi Minh City. Christine Colby Giraudo of Northwest Washington declined to be interviewed. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Before the legislation was enacted, many spouses endured long overseas assignments that left them unable to build careers in the United States, then divorced and were destitute because they were not entitled to portions of CIA benefits. She received a bachelors degree in history from Barnard College in New York in 1942 and was an advertising copywriter before marrying. It had plotted to assassinate Fidel Castro and other foreign leaders. His family moved constantly, living everywhere from Tientsin, China, to Burlington, Vt. | Credits It stayed secret -- for a while. Some hinted that he was a Soviet agent. She also came to realize, after her husband asked her for a divorce, that she didnt know him as well as she thought. ", "The more we know about each other the safer we all are." William's mother, Margaret Egan, was from an Irish family in St. Paul active in business and Democratic politics. The rest He soon joined its successor espionage agency, the CIA, which would take him and his family on covert and often risky missions on several continents. To save the agency, Mr. Colby believed, he had to confess to its sins. Bill and Barbara were still married, but their relationship was deteriorating. And even though Shelton-Colby, the spymaster's second wife, has been kept at a distance by most of Colby's biological children, their grievances with the film have united them, at least in principle. There, he oversaw Operation Phoenix, a program designed to root out Communist Viet Cong agents in South Vietnam and that ultimately killed more than 20,000 Vietnamese. For these missions, he earned the Silver Star and the French Croix de Guerre. Barbara had no real voice in their relationship anymore, Carl said. Giraudo, the daughter of William Egan Colby of Washington and Barbara Heinzen Colby of Arlington, Va., is an account executive at the New York public relations firm of Hill & Knowlton. Bored by the practice of law and inspired by his liberal beliefs, he moved to Washington to work for the National Labor Relations Board. Before and during the Vietnam War, Colby served as chief of station in Saigon, chief of the CIA's Far East Division, and head of the Civil Operations and Rural Development effort, as well as overseeing the Phoenix Program. The pain and sadness of losing [my father] has now been intensified by my brother Carls inexplicable and unfounded attempt to debase the reputation and memory of a modest and decent man, a dedicated father, and an exemplary public servant., Carl kept the wrenching footage to bolster the films credibility, he said. OUP is the world's largest university press with the widest global presence. The disclosures in 1975, historians believe, saved the CIA from destruction when members of Congress were eager for its death, but they made Colby a pariah to CIA officers who believed such transparency imperiled the agencys mission and national security. On her nightstand by her bed, a photo shows the couple in Venice, seated in a gondola draped in flowers, yellow and white. On the other, Carl admired his dads public service and seems most proud of his disclosures to Congress about the CIAs past misdeeds. But she does not share her son's degree of bitterness. In Saigon, she protected her young children during a coup mounted against their neighbor, President Ngo Dinh Diem. He enrolled in Columbia University Law School but left after a year to become an army parachutist. In the 1980's, he began speaking out against the nuclear arms race. [1] [2] [3] [4] Early life [ edit] Sally Shelton-Colby, William Colby's second wife and a foreign policy professor at American University, is unhappy with the way her late husband is portrayed in her stepson's film. There is considerable debate about the merits of the program, which was subject to allegations that it relied on or was complicit in assassination and torture. In 1992, she received a masters degree in humanities from Georgetown University. (Courtesy of the Colby family). In a short email to The Post, she said her recollections of her dad differ from Carl's. Schlesinger appointed him head of the clandestine branch in early 1973. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions That was how the C.I.A. A strong believer in reform of the CIA and the intelligence community more broadly, Schlesinger had written a 1971 Bureau of the Budget report outlining his views on the subject. Senior agency officers called him a traitor. During these years Colby was deeply involved in Washington's policies in East Asia, particularly with respect to Vietnam, as well as Indonesia, Japan, Korea, and China. Their dad's legacy, they said, is something still worth defending. ", This page was last edited on 20 January 2023, at 14:13. This interview is from August 8th She filled out several pages. Died: April, 1973 (Complications from epilepsy and anorexia) Mini Bio (1) Catherine Colby died in April 1973. Smialek's r By demanding that understanding, Mr. Colby was "playing a very heavy card, trumping the White House by bringing the American people into the secret world," John Ranelagh wrote in his history of the intelligence service, "The Agency" (Simon & Schuster, 1986). Woods, Distinguished Professor of History at the J. William Fulbright School at the University of Arkansas, published his biography of Colby, titled Shadow Warrior: William Egan Colby and the CIA. PRICE William Edger Colby (AKA) Gummer, 74, passed away unexpectedly at his home in Price on December 31, 2020. | Veteran Collectibles ", "Carl told me that if I didn't like it, I should make my own film," Paul said. in a Time of Upheaval", "Autopsy: Colby collapsed before falling out of canoe", "A film by the son of CIA spymaster William Colby has divided the Colby clan", "Post Mortem Examination Report, Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, State of Maryland, Report on Death of William E. Colby", "Former CIA Director's Death Raises Questions, Divides Family", https://www.themarathoninitiative.org/elbridge-colby/%7Ctitle=, Declassified official CIA history of Colby's tenure, available at nsarchive.gwu.edu, "Randall B. Mr. Schlesinger ordered all agency employees and veterans who knew about such activities to report them -- and then departed to become Defense Secretary. William E. Colby, who as Director of Central Intelligence chose to disclose some of the nation's darkest secrets to save the spy service he loved, drowned on April 27 in a tributary of the Potomac River in Maryland. She filled out several pages. Colby returned to Washington in July 1971 and became executive director of CIA. For nearly four decades, Mrs. Colby lived the life of a CIA wife, performing what another agency spouse once described as the traditional partnership role of two employees for the price of one. , From 1945 until their divorce in 1984, she was the wife of William E. Colby the spy and later spymaster who, as CIA director from 1973 to 1976, revealed the assassination attempts and other clandestine activities known as the agencys family jewels.. At headquarters, he took on desk jobs that led two years later to the directorship. "The agency's survival," he wrote in his memoirs, "could only come from understanding, not hostility, built on knowledge, not faith.". 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