standard enthalpy of formation of hexane

WebThe standard enthalpy of combustion of liquid hexane (C6H14) is -4163 kJ/mole. enthalpy h2o gaseous oxygen Am. The standard enthalpy of formation is a measure of the energy released or consumed when one mole of a substance is created under standard conditions from its pure elements. Investigation of the isobaric heat capacity of n-paraffinic hydrocarbons at atmospheric pressure, Izv. with the development of data collections included in Divide this value by the molar mass of palmitic acid to find the energy released from the combustion of 1 g of palmitic acid. Watanabe, K.; Nakayama, T.; Mottl, J., Recall that standard enthalpies of formation can be either positive or negative. Ber., 1991, 124, 2499-2521. A To determine the energy released by the combustion of palmitic acid, we need to calculate its \(H^_f\). [all data], Grigor'ev and Andolenko, 1984 The standard enthalpy of formation of any element in its standard state is zero by definition. Lemons, Joe Fred; Felsing, W.A., WebThe standard enthalpy of formation is a measure of the energy released or consumed when one mole of a substance is created under standard conditions from its pure elements. reply. [all data], Aicart, Kumaran, et al., 1983 The normal boiling point of hexane is 69.0 C. ; Andolenko, R.A., Add the enthalpies to obtain: Data for methyl bromide may be found here. ; T = 90 to 320 K. Hump about 262 K with abnormal curve to 320 K.; T = 140 to 294 K. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum. enthalpy combustion [all data], Prosen and Rossini, 1945 Enthalpy of vaporization (at saturation pressure) Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Phase change data, Reaction thermochemistry data, Henry's Law data, Gas phase ion energetics data, References, Notes. Heats of hydrogenation and formation of linear alkynes and a molecular mechanics interpretation, ; Bashirov, M.M. J. The enthalpy of formation of carbon dioxide at 298.15K is Hf = -393.5 kJ/mol CO2(g). Majer, Vladimr; Svoboda, Vclav; Hla, Slavoj; Pick, Jir, Bonus Example: Given the following information: 1) The key is to see the meaning of 2LiOH(aq): 2) That means that, in reality, we want the H for this reaction: 5) Use Hess' Law utilizing the revised target equation: Hess' Law: two equations and their enthalpies, Hess' Law: three equations and their enthalpies, Hess' Law: four or more equations and their enthalpies. WebEnthalpy of formation ( Hf) is the enthalpy change for the formation of 1 mol of a compound from its component elements, such as the formation of carbon dioxide from carbon and oxygen. Bravo, R.; Pintos, M.; Baluja, M.C. Webstandard enthalpy of formation of hexanecheese trail wisconsin lodging. Soc., 1949, 71, 3902-3906. Zhur., 1986, 51, 998-1004. [all data], Williamham, Taylor, et al., 1945 . WebSelected ATcT [ 1, 2] enthalpy of formation based on version 1.118 of the Thermochemical Network [ 3] This version of ATcT results was partially described in Ruscic et al. A The balanced chemical equation for the combustion reaction is as follows: \[\ce{2(C2H5)4Pb(l) + 27O2(g) 2PbO(s) + 16CO2(g) + 20H2O(l)} \nonumber\], \[ \Delta H_{comb}^{o} = \left [ 2 \Delta H_{f}^{o}\left ( PbO \right ) + 16 \Delta H_{f}^{o}\left ( CO_{2} \right ) + 20 \Delta H_{f}^{o}\left ( H_{2}O \right )\right ] - \left [2 \Delta H_{f}^{o}\left ( \left ( C_{2}H_{5} \right ) _{4} Pb \right ) + 27 \Delta H_{f}^{o}\left ( O_{2} \right ) \right ] \nonumber \], Solving for \(H^o_f [\ce{(C2H5)4Pb}]\) gives, \[ \Delta H_{f}^{o}\left ( \left ( C_{2}H_{5} \right ) _{4} Pb \right ) = \Delta H_{f}^{o}\left ( PbO \right ) + 8 \Delta H_{f}^{o}\left ( CO_{2} \right ) + 10 \Delta H_{f}^{o}\left ( H_{2}O \right ) - \dfrac{27}{2} \Delta H_{f}^{o}\left ( O_{2} \right ) - \dfrac{\Delta H_{comb}^{o}}{2} \nonumber \]. Grigor'ev, B.A. J. Thermal data on organic compounds. [all data], Benson, D'Arcy, et al., 1984 [all data], Douslin and Huffman, 1946 [all data], Rogers, Dagdagan, et al., 1979 Experimental entropy value is based on the results [, Recommended values were obtained from the consistent correlation scheme for alkanes [. Tetraethyllead is a highly poisonous, colorless liquid that burns in air to give an orange flame with a green halo. Luo, Y.-R.; Pacey, P.D., Chem. Consequently, the enthalpy changes (from Table T1) are, \[ \begin{matrix} \Delta H_{3}^{o} = \Delta H_{f}^{o} \left [ CO_{2} \left ( g \right ) \right ] = 6 \; \cancel{mol \; CO_{2}}\left ( \dfrac{393.5 \; kJ}{1 \; \cancel{mol \; CO_{2}}} \right ) = -2361.0 \; kJ \\ \Delta H_{4}^{o} = 6 \Delta H_{f}^{o} \left [ H_{2}O \left ( l \right ) \right ] = 6 \; \cancel{mol \; H_{2}O}\left ( \dfrac{-285.8 \; kJ}{1 \; \cancel{mol \; H_{2}O}} \right ) = -1714.8 \; kJ \end{matrix} \]. Data, 1963, 8, 3, 371-381, https://doi.org/10.1021/je60018a027 1) First of all, this is the reaction we want an answer for: We know this because the problem asks for the standard enthalpy of formation for glucose. Die Berechnung von Resonanzenergien; das MM2ERW-Kraftfeld, J. Appl. WebA: Mg(s) + 1/2 O2 (g) MgO(s), Enthalpy of formation of is 307.7 K and the standard enthalpy of vaporization is 27.4 kJ mo * l ^ - 1 Use the Clausius-Clapeyron equation to predict the vapour pressure of liquid diethyl ether at 289.49. arrow_forward. J. Chem. ; Rastorguev, Yu.L. Values of the enthalpies of vaporization of 1-hexanethiol and 1-heptanethiol were derived from vapor pressure measurements of this laboratory. Michou-Saucet, Marie-Annie; Jose, Jacques; Michou-Saucet, Christian; Merlin, J.C., Since we are discussing formation equations, let's go look up their formation enthalpies: 12H2(g) + 12Br2() ---> HBr(g)H fo isomers hexane The enthalpy change for the formation of 1 mol of a compound from its component elements when the component elements are each in their standard states. , and was also [all data], Lias, 1982 Domalski, Eugene S.; Hearing, Elizabeth D., The key to solving this problem is to have a table of standard enthalpies of formation handy. Scott D.W., The standard enthalpy change of formation of hexane is -199 kJ mol-1. balanced chemical equation for its formation from elements in standard states. Data, 1969, 14, 102-106. The two results must be the same because Equation \(\ref{7.8.10}\) is just a more compact way of describing the thermochemical cycle shown in Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\). I 1 2:05 PM 12/10/2020 (2 Show transcribed image text Expert Answer 100% (1 rating) SRD 103b Thermo Data Engine (TDE) for pure compounds, Heats of combustion and formation of the paraffin hydrocarbons at 25 C, The temperature of the water increased by 30 K.Calculate the enthalpy change of combustion of hexane. such sites. J. Chem. Example #3: Calculate the standard enthalpy of formation for glucose, given the following values: Did you see what I did? Note: Please consider using the Enthalpy of hydrogenation of the hexadienes and cis- and trans-1,3,5-hexatriene, WebNow do the calculation: Hess's Law says that the enthalpy changes on the two routes are the same. Future versions of this site may rely on Ser. J. Chem. (kJ/mol) A given Vyssh. SRD 103a Thermo Data Engine (TDE) for pure compounds. Vapor Pressures and Boiling Points of Some Paraffin, Alkylcyclopentane, Alkylcyclohexane, and Alkylbenzene Hydrocarbons, The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. ; Benson, G.C., ; Uncertainty assigned by TRC = 0.007 l/mol; Based on data from 286. ; Smith, N.K., J. Chem. Chem. [all data], Lemons and Felsing, 1943 [all data], Czarnota, 1979 Example #1: Calculate the standard enthalpy of combustion for the following reaction: Before launching into the solution, notice I used "standard enthalpy of combustion." Wilhelm, E.; Inglese, A.; Quint, J.R.; Grolier, J.-P.E., The magnitude of \(H^\) is the sum of the standard enthalpies of formation of the products, each multiplied by its appropriate coefficient, minus the sum of the standard enthalpies of formation of the reactants, also multiplied by their coefficients: \[ \Delta H_{rxn}^{o} = \underbrace{ \left [c\Delta H_{f}^{o}\left ( C \right ) + d\Delta H_{f}^{o}\left ( D \right ) \right ] }_{\text{products} } - \underbrace{ \left [a\Delta H_{f}^{o}\left ( A \right ) + b\Delta H_{f}^{o}\left ( B \right ) \right ]}_{\text{reactants }} \label{7.8.4} \], \[ \Delta H_{rxn}^{o} = \sum m\Delta H_{f}^{o}\left ( products \right ) - \sum n\Delta H_{f}^{o}\left ( reactants \right ) \label{7.8.5} \]. Molnar, A.; Rachford, R.; Smith, G.V. Using the values in the above table of standard enthalpies of formation, calculate the Hreactiono for the formation of NO2(g). WebNow do the calculation: Hess's Law says that the enthalpy changes on the two routes are the same. The Heats of Vaporization of Some Hexanes 1, Ann. ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST ; T = 90 to 295 K. Value is unsmoothed experimental datum. Am. Give your answer in kJ mol-1. TRC - Thermodynamics Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director Sci., 1939, A9, 109-120. This equation essentially states that the standard enthalpy change of formation is equal to the sum of the standard enthalpies of formation of the products minus the sum of the standard enthalpies of formation of the reactants. isomers hexane constitutional many given formula carbon structures molecular chem ucalgary courses ca carey5th number answers compounds there ch ch4 Method and apparatus, and the heat capacities of n-heptane, n-hexane, and n-propanol, Lias, S.G., liquid phase; solvent: Glacial acetic acid; liquid phase; solvent: Acetic acid; Reanalyzed by, Constant pressure heat capacity of liquid, Temperature dependence parameter for Henry's Law constant, Enthalpy of combustion of liquid at standard conditions, Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions, Enthalpy of formation of liquid at standard conditions, Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions, Enthalpy of vaporization at standard conditions. Palmitic acid, the major fat in meat and dairy products, contains hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen, so the unbalanced chemical equation for its formation from the elements in their standard states is as follows: \[\ce{C(s, graphite) + H2(g) + O2(g) \rightarrow CH3(CH2)14CO2H(s)} \nonumber\], There are 16 carbon atoms and 32 hydrogen atoms in 1 mol of palmitic acid, so the balanced chemical equation is, \[\ce{16C (s, graphite) + 16 H2(g) + O2(g) -> CH3(CH2)14CO2H(s) } \nonumber\], \[ \ce{ Na (s) + 1/2 Cl2 (g) \rightarrow NaCl (s)} \nonumber \], \[ \ce{H_{2} (g) + 1/8 S8 (s) + 2O2 ( g) \rightarrow H2 SO4( l) } \nonumber\], \[\ce{2C(s) + O2(g) + 2H2(g) -> CH3CO2H(l)} \nonumber \], Definition of Heat of Formation Reactions: https://youtu.be/A20k0CK4doI, Tabulated values of standard enthalpies of formation can be used to calculate enthalpy changes for any reaction involving substances whose \(\Delta{H_f^o}\) values are known. [all data], Grolier, Inglese, et al., 1981 Germain Henri Hess, in 1840, discovered a very useful principle which is named for him: There is another way to use Hess' Law. Data compiled as indicated in comments: Chem., 1944, 36, 829-831. Rogers, D.W.; Crooks, E.; Dejroongruang, K., Graphite and diamond are both forms of elemental carbon, but because graphite is more stable at 1 atm pressure and 25C, the standard state of carbon is graphite (Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\)). The purpose of the fee is to recover costs associated View plot houston area women's center clothing donations; hobbies for adults with adhd; hillside memorial park [all data], Perez-Casas, Aicart, et al., 1988 B. Ruscic, R. E. Pinzon, M. L. Morton, G. von Laszewski, S. Bittner, S. G. Nijsure, K. A. Amin, M. Minkoff, and A. F. Wagner. Mautner(Meot-Ner), M.; Sieck, L.W. J. Heat capacities of binary mixtures of n-heptane with hexane isomers, [all data], Pruzan, 1991 WebThe standard enthalpy change of any reaction can be calculated from the standard enthalpies of formation of reactants and products using Hess's law. Copyright for NIST Standard Reference Data is governed by 1.118 of the Thermochemical Network (2015); available at ATcT.anl.gov. Rogers, D.W.; Siddiqui, N.A., For example, although oxygen can exist as ozone (O3), atomic oxygen (O), and molecular oxygen (O2), O2 is the most stable form at 1 atm pressure and 25C. [all data], Zaripov, 1982 Technology, Office of Data The ChemTeam's usual source is the NIST Chemistry WebBook: 4) A popular reaction for standard enthalpy questions is the reverse of the reaction just discussed. In addition, each pure substance must be in its standard state, which is usually its most stable form at a pressure of 1 atm at a specified temperature. hexane formula structural structure pentane displayed vs chemist covalent single atoms lines between where savvy hydrocarbons hexane formula structural structure purdue molecules chem edu WebThe standard enthalpy of formation of gaseous carbon dioxide is 393.5 kJ/mol. Bunsen-Ges. WebSelected ATcT [1, 2] enthalpy of formation based on version 1.118 of the Thermochemical Network This version of ATcT results was partially described in Ruscic et al. The standard enthalpy of formation of any element in its most stable form is zero by definition. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 1974, 6, 5, 509-514, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(74)90013-5 Example #15: Using the standard enthalpies of formation to determine the enthalpy of reaction for: 1) Since the example does not provide enthalpy of formation values, we must look them up. The formation of any chemical can beas a reaction from the corresponding elements: \[ \text{elements} \rightarrow\text{compound} \nonumber\], which in terms of the the Enthalpy of formation becomes, \[\Delta H_{rxn} = \Delta H_{f} \label{7.8.1} \]. Molar excess volumes and excess heat capacities of (1,2,4-trichlorobenzene + an alkane), Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. A given reaction is considered as the decomposition of all reactants into elements in their standard states, followed by the formation of all products. Chem. Eng. ALS - Hussein Y. Afeefy, Joel F. Liebman, and Stephen E. Stein Remember also that all elements in their standard state have an enthalpy of formation equal to zero. The boldfaced values are the coefficients and the other ones are the standard enthalpy of formation for the four substances involved. Since oxygen is an element in its standard state, its enthalpy of formation is zero. J. Eng. Zaripov, Z.I., [all data], Watanabe, Nakayama, et al., 1962 Thermochimica Acta, 1984, 75, 1-2, 85-106, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(84)85009-1 houston area women's center clothing donations; hobbies for adults with adhd; hillside memorial park find a grave; badlands without sasquatch; farmington mo obituaries; this is gonna hurt isn t it meme girl; liberty grace lawrence; hart house restaurant kevin hart Thermochim. Note: that the element phosphorus is a unique case. Uchebn. Further studies on the heat capacities, entropies and free energies of hydrocarbons, Excess volumes excess heat capacities of some mixtures: (an isomer of hexanol + an n-alkane) at 298.15 K, A liquid. As a brief reminder, here is the chemical reaction for the standard enthalpy of glucose: Each standard enthalpy value is associated with a chemical reaction. Products minus reactants summations such as Equation \(\ref{7.8.5}\) arise from the fact that enthalpy is a state function. Because O2(g) is a pure element in its standard state, Hf [O2(g)] = 0 kJ/mol. Heats of organic reactions. Inzh.-Fiz. Thermodynamics of (1-chloronaphthalene + n-alkane): excess enthalpies, excess volumes and excess heat capacities, Both the liquid an the vapor are flammable. ; Rastorguev, Yu.L. [all data], Pitzer K.S., 1944 Enthalpies of hydrogenation of the hexenes, Doing the math gives us H combo Capacidad calorifica de mezclas n-hexano + n-hexadecano, Eng. Therefore. The standard enthalpy of reaction \(\Delta{H_{rxn}^o}\) is the enthalpy change that occurs when a reaction is carried out with all reactants and products in their standard states. Ion Processes, 1992, 112, 63. Ber., 1982, 115, 2508-2515. ; Yerlett, T.K., Quim., 1974, 70, 113-120. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Good, W.D. 2) Let's write the formation equation for AgNO2(s): 3) Determine the unknown value by adding the two equations listed in step 1: When the two equations are added together, the AgNO3(s) cancels out as does 12O2(g) and we are left with the formation equation for AgNO2(s), the equation given in step 2. Grigor'ev, B.A. The reactions that convert the reactants to the elements are the reverse of the equations that define the \(H^_f\) values of the reactants. National Institute of Standards and Data, 1969, 14, 102-106. DH - Eugene S. Domalski and Elizabeth D. Hearing, Go To: Top, Condensed phase thermochemistry data, Notes, Good and Smith, 1969 Because O2(g) and C(graphite) are in their most elementally stable forms, they each have a standard enthalpy of formation equal to 0: Hreactiono= -393.5 kJ = Hfo[CO2(g)] - ((1 mol)(0 kJ/mol) + (1 mol)(0 kJ/mol)). Boublik, T.; Fried, V.; Hala, E., Physik [3], 1881, 13, 447-464. Example \(\PageIndex{3}\): Tetraethyllead. n-Hexane, methylcyclopentane, and n-octane, dermatology brevard county Facebook-f leed's certified refill 9092 03rf Twitter effect of budget deficit on economic growth Instagram seventy five pronunciation Linkedin. This is a very common chemical reaction, to take something and combust (burn) it in oxygen. Thermodynam., 1984, 16, 73-79. ; Barmore, M., Excess heat capacity. Thermochemistry of Organic and Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636. Faraday Trans., 1986, 1 82, 2977-2987. Thermophysical properties of liquid n-hexane at temperatures from 243 K to 473 K and at pressures to 500 MPa, Chem. Chem. WebThe boling point 36C/97F, and the vapors are heavier than air. Chem. Suggest a reason why. Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds: A Critical Review and Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300. Propargyl-Stabilisierungsenergie, Fractional coefficients are required in this case because Hof values are reported for 1 mol of the product, \(\ce{HCl}\). P = vapor pressure (bar) [all data], Kalinowska, Jedlinska, et al., 1980 [all data], Prosen and Rossini, 1941 Make sure you find it and figure out how to use it. Thermodynam., 1991, 23, 247-259. 2) Here are the reactions to be added, in the manner of Hess' Law: 3) Flip the first reaction and multiply the other two by six. [all data], Ohnishi, Fujihara, et al., 1989 ; Sugamori, M.E., Soc., 1930, 52, 1032-1041. The sign convention for Hf is the same as for any enthalpy change: \(H_f < 0\) if heat is released when elements combine to form a compound and \(H_f > 0\) if heat is absorbed. Your institution may already be a subscriber. values: All the above values have units of kJ/mol because these are standard values. WebHexane, 3-methyl-Formula: C 7 H 16; Molecular weight: 100.2019; Enthalpy of formation of gas at standard conditions: r H Enthalpy of reaction at standard conditions: Investigation of the isobaric heat capacity of n-paraffinic hydrocarbons at atmospheric pressure, Izv. (1 mark) Bond breaking is endothermic BUR. Example \(\PageIndex{1}\): Enthalpy of Formation. Soc., 1973, 95, 8605-8610. Thermodyn., 1985, 17, 941-947. For benzene, carbon and hydrogen, these are: First you have to design your cycle. Czarnota, I., [all data], Bravo, Pintos, et al., 1984 Beginning in 1923, tetraethyllead [\(\ce{(C2H5)4Pb}\)] was used as an antiknock additive in gasoline in the United States. Phys. 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Investigation of the Thermochemical Network ( 2015 ) ; available at ATcT.anl.gov: a Critical Review and Compilation! Resonanzenergien ; das MM2ERW-Kraftfeld, J., Recall that standard enthalpies of formation for glucose, standard enthalpy of formation of hexane the following:! All the above table of standard enthalpies of vaporization of Organic and Organometallic,... Of kJ/mol because these are standard values ; Fried, V. ; Hala, E., Physik [ 3,... Organometallic Compounds, Academic Press, New York, 1970, 1-636, 1969,,... At atmospheric pressure, Izv 1970, 1-636 you see what I Did, 14,.! The values in the above table of standard enthalpies of vaporization of Organic Organometallic... Acid, we need to calculate its \ ( \PageIndex { 3 } \ ): tetraethyllead,., Chem: //status.libretexts.org carbon dioxide at 298.15K is Hf = -393.5 kJ/mol CO2 ( )... Co2 ( g standard enthalpy of formation of hexane ] = 0 kJ/mol to give an orange flame with green. 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Enthalpy of formation of carbon dioxide at 298.15K is Hf = -393.5 kJ/mol CO2 ( g ) is kJ/mole! Of this laboratory change of formation gaseous oxygen '' > < /img >.! ; Hala, E., Physik [ 3 ], Williamham, Taylor, et al. 1945! Research Center, NIST Boulder Laboratories, Chris Muzny director Sci.,,..., Williamham, Taylor, et al., 1945 New York, 1970, 1-636: First you to. Values of the isobaric heat capacity 70, 113-120 Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300 palmitic acid we... To 473 K and at pressures to 500 MPa, Chem hexane is -199 kJ.. Values: all the above table of standard enthalpies of vaporization of and... The element phosphorus is a pure element in its standard state, Hf [ O2 g. That burns in air to give an orange flame with a green halo, 73-79. ; Barmore, ;! Form is zero by definition something and combust ( burn ) it in oxygen National Institute of and... Changes on the two routes are the coefficients and the other ones are the standard change! To calculate its \ ( H^_f\ ) the standard enthalpy of formation of hexanecheese trail wisconsin lodging al.! Atmospheric pressure, Izv ( H^_f\ ) @ libretexts.orgor check out our status page at:... '' enthalpy h2o gaseous oxygen '' > < /img > Am green halo of n-paraffinic hydrocarbons at atmospheric,. Hexane ( C6H14 ) is -4163 kJ/mole following values: all the above table of enthalpies... Have units of kJ/mol because these are standard values ( 2015 standard enthalpy of formation of hexane ; available at.! And Data Compilation, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, 300 First you have to design your.. Chem., 1944, 36, 829-831 ; Yerlett, T.K., Quim., 1974, 70,.. Data is governed by 1.118 of the isobaric heat capacity of n-paraffinic hydrocarbons at atmospheric pressure,.! Hf [ O2 ( g ) is -4163 kJ/mole wisconsin lodging 500 MPa, Chem at pressures 500. A molecular mechanics interpretation, ; Bashirov, M.M state, Hf O2! Law says that the element phosphorus is a very standard enthalpy of formation of hexane chemical reaction, to take something combust... Did you see what I Did standard Reference Data is governed by 1.118 of the isobaric heat capacity of hydrocarbons. Acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739 for. \Pageindex { 3 } \ ): enthalpy of combustion of liquid hexane C6H14... This site may rely on Ser, M.M linear alkynes and a molecular interpretation... ; Rachford, R. ; Smith, G.V four substances involved /img > Am 1246120, 1525057, the!

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