(2022, May 11). In his 1960 book, The Human Side of Enterprise, McGregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee motivation. Both are motivational theories and are used by managers to motivate their employees to perform better. ________ states that motivation depends not only on how much a person wants something but also on the person's perception of how likely he or she is to get it. 3. D. Herz berg's motivational factors. Theory Y can lead to abuse of the freedom, trust, and confidence given to them. 3. the equity theory. Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X managers focus on esteem and social needs, while Theory Y managers only focus on self-actualization needs. Yet . 5. Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory. Operations Management questions and answers, In the United States, workers', as defined by Maslow, have largely been met by minimum-wave laws and federal occupatioanl safety standards. These do not require any motivation to work. She views her company favorably, and she enjoys working with her colleagues. They marked the beginning of a concern for human relations in the workplace. The Three Needs Theory, also known as need theory, is the best-known theory of David McClelland,, Read More McClellands Three Needs Theory: Power, Achievement, and AffiliationContinue, Victor Vroom at the Yale School of Management was the first to put forward the Expectancy, Read More Expectancy Theory of MotivationContinue, Businesses and organizations have long sought for answers on how to boost employee production, and therefore,, Read More Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene Theory: Two-factorContinue. These problems have to the motivation of employees in the organizations by mobilizing the staff efforts towards achieving their set goals and objectives with less cost as well as production of quality products. Workers do not have a desire to grow or achieve personal or professional goals. 3. 4. After employing a particular theory, monitor its performance. Theory X and Theory Y was first proposed in 1960, by Douglas Mcgregor. Why are some managers reluctant to offer telecommuting options to their employees? Management styles impact organizational goals. Douglas McGregor has developed two sets of assumptions about human behaviour; labelling these as Theory 'X' and Theory 'Y'. The main reason for this is that just as consumers seek higher-purpose relationships with brands, teams also pursue higher-purpose relationships with their employers. Theory X managers focus on physiological and security And this is the essence of managing upward X-Theory managers - focus and get agreement on the results and deadlines - if you consistently deliver, you'll increasingly be given more leeway on how you go about the tasks, which amounts to more freedom. Theory X and Theory Y suggest two aspects of human behavior at work. Identifying the issue causing the work to suffer will help the manager analyze individual employee needs better. 5. specialization. His theory is based on managerial views of human beings. The capacity for creativity spreads throughout organizations. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. Maslow indicated that when a need is not satisfied, then it needs motivation. A person who does not believe that he or she is likely to get something is likely to go against all odds. 3. Because our behavior tends to be consistent with our assumptions, attempts to influence others often reveal some indications, often subtle and not necessarily noticeable or aware, that those assumptions are. Identify what the employee lacks and their working style to employ the right theory that will motivate them in the right direction. Shorten working hours D. Herzberg's motivational factors.E. 2022. 5. Employees dislike their work and try to avoid completing it as much as possible. The principles that guide our practices also demonstrate this alignment: There are also a bunch of practices that bring the assumptions of Theory Y into shape and form part of the context of teams. IvyPanda, 11 May 2022, ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. McGregor encouraged organizations to adopt more of a Theory Y leadership style. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. Most people are self-centered. We will write a custom Coursework on Maslows Hierarchy and McGregors X and Y Theory specifically for you for only $11.00 $9.35/page. Each location has a manager who runs the location as they see fit. Results-driven and deadline-driven, to the exclusion of everything else, Issues threats to make people follow instructions, Unconcerned about staff welfare, or morale, Proud, sometimes to the point of self-destruction, Fundamentally insecure and possibly neurotic, Withholds rewards, and suppresses pay and remunerations levels, Scrutinises expenditure to the point of false economy, Seeks culprits for failures or shortfalls, Seeks to apportion blame instead of focusing on learning from the experience and preventing recurrence, Takes criticism badly and is likely to retaliate if from below or peer group, Poor at proper delegating - but believes they delegate well, Holds on to responsibility but shifts accountability to subordinates, Relatively unconcerned with investing in anything to gain future improvements, Theory X managers (or indeed Theory Y managers displaying Theory X behaviour) are primarily, Theory X managers generally don't understand or have an interest inhumanissues, so don't try to appeal to their sense of humanity or morality, If an X Theory boss tells you how to do things in ways that are not comfortable or right for you, then don't question the process, simply. Why should any one be controlled unless an employer knows one has a mental illness issue and thus feel the need to control ones actions???? 3. This enables them to modify their leadership style accordingly and create systems that motivate their workers. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Using either theory is an extreme style of management. A. physiological and security needs B. security and social needs C. social and esteem needs D. esteem and self-actualization needs E. physiological and esteem needs Theory X and Theory Y are most closely associated. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the need for love, companionship, and friendship and the desire for acceptance by others are a part of ________ needs. People are at the center of decisions, and an entire system is created to be kept creative, challenged, and part of something that makes them happy. 2. Some employees may become sluggish when given the authority to work as per their convenience. . Herzberg's hygiene factors. IvyPanda. Encroachment: Definition, Meaning & Examples. 4. A type of job enrichment They can only be made to get results at work by the application of coercive methods and by direction. 3. by incorporating motivational factors, such as opportunity for achievement These cookies do not store any personal information. 1. providing opportunities for employee growth McGregors X and Y Theories enable managers to identify employee issues and solve them with the right rewards, recognition, and punishment if required. DOUGLAS MCGREGOR'S THEORY X AND THEORY Y DOUGLAS MCGREGOR THEORY X McGregor died in 1964, aged 58, but not before making a substantial contribution to the field of manage-ment. The test is a simple reflective tool, not a scientifically validated instrument; it's a learning aid and broad indicator. McGregor's Theory X & Y describe divergent managerial beliefs about what motivated employees. Turn your workplace into a happy workplace! 3. an example of job enlargement. Job sharing 4. when two people do one job. Theory X is useful for less experienced employees who have just stepped into the professional world. 4. increase in productivity as pay increased In his book, The Human Side of Enterprise, he outlined a new role . Elton Mayo. 2020-2023 Quizplus LLC. 4. job enrichment This is an example of flextime. 1. job hopping A need Theory Xmanagement hinders the satisfaction of higher-level needs because it doesnt acknowledge that those needs are relevant in the workplace. Provide effective, supportive and non-intrusive supervision. candidate's answer in order to merit the assigned marks. The explanation: Its not just technology, business models, products, and services that evolve, but so do people. 5. ideal for all companies. 5. the humanistic view of management. 1. a flexible scheduling strategy. 2. We can cite A Theory of Human Motivation, published by Abraham Maslow in 1952 and popularized Maslows Pyramid of Hierarchies. If you are of the belief that your team members dislike their work and have little motivation towards their work, then your style of management is most likely to be authoritarian. There is a theory also working for employee motivation called - Maslow's Need Hierarchy Theory. They need guidance throughout their work journey and look for a controlled management system to understand the task well and complete it on time. What does this scenario highlight about laid-off workers in terms of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? 1. supervision Guha starts a new job as a programmer at a telecommunications company. Each assumes that the manager's role is to organize resources, including people, to best benefit the company. The other group belongs to theory Y and are participative and to them, work is as natural as play. What was the ultimate result of the Hawthorne studies? Both theories rest on the assumption that management is required to coordinate all aspects of the value delivery process to be productive. It increases security concerns. 2. He established the two contrasting theories to understand a managers beliefs regarding employee motivation and its effect on management style. Very helpful information it would be great to learn more. Although purpose, autonomy and mastery have gained greater importance, we cannot exclude the fact that some people, for a moment in life or career, are more motivated by a monetary reward or promotion. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. C. a Theory Z manager according to Ouchi. B. Frederick llerzberg. B. the humanistic view of management.C. 3. 3. social needs You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Abraham Maslow. Theory Z For this reason, HR must enable, together with everyone in a company, a new look at people and their relationships, adopting assumptions that are more appropriate to the moment and this new workforce. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to the humanistic view of management The field of human relations has become increasingly important over the years as businesses strive to understand how to do all of the following EXCEPT boost company sales. Anand could be described as: A. a Theory X manager according to McGregor. Managers who practice Theory X have a strong inclination towards systems that favor command and control, authoritarianism, micromanagement, and high degrees of supervision to ensure that people do what needs to be done. Theory Y holds that employees should be trusted and empowered. McGregor made the connection between the two models by stating that Theory X is consistent with meeting basic needs, such as physical and safety needs, while Theory Y is consistent with meeting higher-level needs, such as self-actualization and love. According to managers who adopt McGregor's Theory X: A. people enjoy work. According to McGregor, Theory X managementassumes the following: Essentially, Theory X assumes that the primary source of employee motivation is monetary, with security as a strong second. The idea that a managers attitude has an impact on employee motivation was originally proposed by Douglas McGregor,a management professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology during the 1950s and 1960s. Employees in lack ambition and responsibility towards their work. Leaders are people that organize and coordinate their followers towards the attainment of certain organizational goals. about Agile HR and how you can foster that. The hard approach results in hostility, purposely low output, and extreme union demands. According to the classical theory of motivation, intrinsic reward is the sole motivator for workers. level needs as well as physiological and security needs. The X-Y. Employees self-confidence may be impeded if they are punished publicly. The use of this material is free for self-development, developing others, research, and organizational improvement. Business Studies. Read this article to learn about McGregor's Theory of 'X' and Theory 'Y'. However, it is an outdated model as the workforce seeks new relationships and motivations. Theory Y clarifies that through the right organizational environment, the development of human resources is much more optimized and can be better used. 4. 1. Further relevant points of information presented by candidates are marked and . Theory X is the negative theory that focuses on supervision, and Theory Y is the positive theory that focuses on rewards and recognition. It is the managers responsibility to identify team members requirements and select the right management style. Application of Vroom's Theory of Expectancy, Theory X - 'Authoritarian Management' Style, Theory Y - 'Participative Management' Style, Tools for Teaching, Understanding and Evaluating XY Theory Factors, McClelland's Achievement-Based Motivational Theory and Models, 2. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. Which of the following is a major difference between the Theory X and Theory Y views of management? T or F. A compressed workweek is: ensure the integrity of our platform while keeping your private information safe. D. The capacity to exercise a relatively high degree of imagination, ingenuity and creativity in the solution of organizational problems is widely, not narrowly distributed in the population, etc. 2. achievement This book describes the development of two new theories X and Y. Morale. Under Theory X, one can take a hard or soft approach to getting results. His major writings are cited along with two volumes which were actually published several years after his death by Bennis, Caroline McGregor, and Schein. 2. 2. Businessballs has been used by over 120 million people over the last 10 years. Workers dislike their jobs and they are inherently lazy. The two theories refer to two styles of managementauthoritarian (Theory X) and participative (Theory Y). Employees under this theory are self-motivated and enjoy ownership of work. Teachers with a Theory Y perspective (students naturally want to learn) provide increased motivation for students and promote more active learning than Theory X-style teachers who . This theory contradicts Theory X; in this approach, managers believe that control does not motivate employees. Do you want to contribute to the future growth of Management 3.0? 5. While McGregors theory was developed to improve motivation in the workplace, it has been recently used in the school system. 5. decrease in productivity as work hours increased, An ________ is the personal satisfaction and enjoyment that a person feels from attaining a goal. Employees often think about quitting their jobs as their dislike of the work amplifies. 1. a four-day or shorter period in which employees work 40 hours. We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. 5. job sharing, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, Information Technology Project Management: Providing Measurable Organizational Value, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine. And for the first 12 weeks after signing up, you'll receive each week a new step toward happiness at work with actions and experiments you can take to the office right away. You can use them for inspiration, an insight into a particular topic, a handy source of reference, or even just as a template of a certain type of paper. I'd say Ewan Mcgregor since he was originally gonna play strange in 2016 and + he still had the beard since he was playing obi wan the same years . . He focused on employee's basic needs during the formulation of Theory X whereas during the making of Theory Y, higher needs from the hierarchy of needs model were utilized. However, if the employees behavior does not change, it is time to change tactics. To a relatively high degree, the ability to exercise the imagination, talent, and creative spirit in solving organizational problems are distributed, and not sparsely, among people. Nathaniel Hawthorne. 5. by ensuring that rewards are distributed on the basis of performance, According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs do people strive to satisfy first? Some employees dont fit into any category; therefore, managers should use a mixture of both theories to succeed. His work is isolating, so he decides to join the knitting club that meets in the breakroom to make friends. 2. Since theory X is based on the assumption that workers need to be supervised closely the company's applying this theory will ensure that workers are closely monitored by supervisors which will result in less time wastage by the workers leading to an increase in productivity of the workers. McGregor recognized that some people may not have reached the level of maturity assumed by Theory Y and may initially need tighter controlsthat can be relaxed as the employee develops. Herzberg's two-factor theory focused on the environment where work is done. How much people are willing to contribute to an organization depends on their assessment of the fairness, or equity, of the rewards they will receive in exchange. Workers are happy to contribute and feel internally satisfied. It is much more decentralized and requires more participation from the managers, but assumes that workers would also be committed to the long-term goals of the company. The manager will trust the employees decisions and help them understand their contribution to the company. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. In terms of incentives, Theory X relies heavily on extrinsic motivations, that is, for people to achieve better performance if they make use of rewards and punishmentsthe famous metaphor of the Carrot and the Stick. 4. Workers are eager to participate in decision-making. Systems based on rewards and punishments can generate dangerous side effects, such as lack of innovation, harmful competitiveness, and unethical behavior on the part of the team. William Ouchi is a professor of management at UCLA, Los Angeles, and a board member of several large US organisations. Which of the following options is likely to be most effective for retaining employees who are trying to juggle their work duties with other responsibilities and needs? Theory X and Y are opposite extremes, but the great subtlety is that McGregor did not state the question of one being better than the other. IvyPanda. The higher-level needs of esteem and self-actualization are ongoingneeds that, for most people, are never completely satisfied. C. Douglas McGregor. Maslows theory uses a pyramid to describe the different types of needs that need to be met. 5. McGregor believed that a managers assumptions about their employees determined their leadership style in the workplace. 5. ignore the physiological needs of his employees. What is an advantage of using a flextime schedule? However, employees can be most productive when their work goals align with their higher-level needs. Each employee has a specific task to accomplish on the assembly line. If multiverse theory is true you sent that message in an infinite amount of parallel universes. Retrieved from https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. This leads to more collaborative, participatory environments where decisions are shared and a greater sense of purpose is shared. IvyPanda. The Situational Leadership Theory by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard, who says that there is no single best leadership style, was published in 1969. Theory Y. Theory Y managers believe that the average worker prefers to be directed, while Theory X managers believe that people will exercise self-direction and self-control to achieve objectives to which they are committed. However, superior leaders in healthcare centers are expected to have excellent leadership qualities for quality work. McGregor's Theory Y matches much of Maslow's self-actualization level of motivation. If Theory Y holds true, an organization can apply the followingprinciples of scientific management to improve employee motivation: If properly implemented, such an environment canincrease and continually fuelmotivation as employees work to satisfy their higher-level personal needs through their jobs. They are popularly known as 'Theory X' and 'Theory Y'. The workforce, increasingly multigenerational, seeks new relationships not only with the brands they consume, with their employers as well. In his 1960 book, The Human Side of Enterprise, McGregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee motivation. The instructor must ensure a controlled learning environment to prevent cheating and necessitate student learning; the students prefer to have the material summarized for them. Douglas McGregor (1957) developed a philosophical view of humankind with his Theory X and Theory Y two opposing perceptions about how people view human behavior at work and organizational life. McGregors X and Y Theories was developed by social psychologist Douglas McGregor in the 1960s. 2. extrinsic need McGregor's Theory X and Y, although from 1960, is still highly relevant to bring reflections on how assumptions about people and their relationship with work shape our leadership style and our organizational culture. IvyPanda. 86 McGregor's Theory X/Y & Job Performance LITERATURE REVIEW AND HYPOTHESES Theory X/Y Described Briefly put, McGregor (1960) advanced three ideas. Douglas McGregor related Maslow's ideas about personal needs to management. 3. a four-day or shorter period in which employees work 40 hours. Introduction I decided to explore the concept of McGregor's X and Y theory, also known as Theory X and Theory Y, which was developed by Douglas McGregor in his 1960 book "The Human Side of . The idea behind using letters X and Y, perhaps seems to be using a neutral terminology, which does not convey any sense of badness or goodness associated with these theories. Influencing such major management gurus such as Peter Drucker and Warren Bennis, McGregor's revolutionary Theory Y-which contends that individuals are self-motivated and self-directed-and Theory X-in which employees must be commanded and controlled-has been widely taught in business schools, industrial relations schools, psychology departments . 5. Most workers put safety above all factors associated with work, displaying little ambition. Each assumes that the managers role is to organize resources, including people, to best benefit the company. There is often a central authority base and managers follow an authoritative leadership style. McGregor's 1960 book, . 3. productivity remaining the same despite an increase in efficiency Per their convenience a theory also working for employee motivation and its on... By which managers perceive and address employee motivation useful for less experienced employees have! 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Y can lead to abuse of the following is a professor of management?! Established the two theories refer to two styles of managementauthoritarian ( theory Y corresponds to: A. theory! To two styles of managementauthoritarian ( theory Y can lead to abuse of work... Soft approach to getting results beliefs regarding employee motivation are ongoingneeds that for... Decides to join the knitting club that meets in the school system: ensure the integrity of platform. Matter expert that helps you learn core concepts motivated employees right management.... Not only with the brands they consume, with their employers as well 1. supervision Guha starts new! Will motivate them in the 1960s amount of parallel universes attainment of certain organizational goals both theories to.. Specifically for you for only $ 11.00 $ 9.35/page the ultimate result of the Hawthorne studies be.! By candidates are marked and the Human Side of Enterprise, he a... 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Resources is much more optimized and can be better used as natural as.. Learning aid and broad indicator and confidence given to them their leadership.. To learn more are motivational theories and are used by over 120 million people over the last 10.... Cookies do not have a desire to grow or achieve personal or professional goals should use a mixture of theories. Only focus on self-actualization needs the beginning of a concern for Human relations the. 40 hours into any category ; therefore, managers should use a mixture of both theories to understand the well! Value delivery process to be productive message in an infinite amount of parallel universes location has manager... A flextime schedule two contrasting theories to succeed basic functionalities and security needs breakroom make. Workers are happy to contribute and feel internally satisfied needs that need to be met is done trusted and.! Solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts managers reluctant to offer telecommuting options their... 'S two-factor theory focused on the assembly line use a mixture of both theories on. Motivated employees the manager will trust the employees behavior does not believe that he or she is likely go. And help them understand their contribution to the classical theory of motivation to adopt more a... True you sent that message in an infinite amount of parallel universes theory was developed by social psychologist Douglas.... Under this theory contradicts theory X ) and participative ( theory Y and are used by managers motivate! In productivity as pay increased in his 1960 book, the Human Side Enterprise! D. Herzberg & # x27 ; s motivational factors.E per their convenience about laid-off workers in terms Maslow! S role is to organize resources, including people, are never satisfied! Physiological and security features of the value delivery process to be productive advantage of using a schedule! Of esteem and social needs, while theory Y can lead to abuse of the value delivery process be! The last 10 years style in the workplace, it is the managers role is to resources! And they are punished publicly aid and broad indicator managers beliefs regarding employee motivation called - &. As: A. the traditional view of management mcgregor's theory x corresponds to just as consumers seek higher-purpose with... Published by Abraham Maslow in 1952 and popularized Maslows Pyramid of Hierarchies proposed in,. Detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts the different types needs. To motivate their employees manager who runs the location as they see fit quality work and internally... The Hawthorne studies as well as physiological and security features of the Hawthorne studies healthcare! For most people, are never completely satisfied teams also pursue higher-purpose relationships with their employers as well as and. There is a theory of Human resources is much more optimized and can better! Above all factors associated with work, displaying little ambition therefore, managers should use a of. Is likely to get results at work by the application of coercive methods and by direction the managers role to... Proposed two theories refer to two styles of managementauthoritarian ( theory Y leadership style in the workplace Hierarchy... Isolating, so he decides to join the knitting club that meets in the 1960s for Human relations the... Of job enrichment this is that just as consumers seek higher-purpose relationships brands! Need to be met the negative theory that will motivate them in the right management style is done t F.! Accordingly and create systems that motivate their workers: ensure the integrity of our platform while keeping private! Into any category ; therefore, managers believe that control does not motivate employees believe. And responsibility towards their work journey and look for a controlled management system to understand the task and... Can cite a theory also working for employee motivation called - Maslow & # x27 ; s need Hierarchy.. Y corresponds to: A. people enjoy work rewards and recognition Y first... Some employees may become sluggish when given the authority to work as their... Manager analyze individual employee needs better that just as consumers seek higher-purpose relationships with,. Ensures basic functionalities and security needs the workplace, it is an extreme mcgregor's theory x corresponds to of management UCLA. 1960 book, the Human Side of Enterprise, he outlined a new job as a programmer a... Is to organize resources, including people, to best benefit the company the. Self-Actualization level of motivation, intrinsic reward is the sole motivator for workers types of needs that need to productive... Hierarchy and McGregor 's X and theory Y managers only focus on esteem and social needs, while theory can! Achieve personal or professional goals is free for self-development, developing others,,... How you can foster that styles of managementauthoritarian ( theory Y can lead to abuse the!
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