Often used with hydraulic oil and motor oil in addition to acidic and alkaline liquids, these pumps have a nonsparking motor for use in applications where electricity is unavailable . A filter is extracted from the bottom of the sump through oil and delivered through a gear pump at a pressure of 1 bar. Other objects and features of this invention will be in part apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter. Vehicle wheel bearings today are typically packed with a supply of lubricating grease, held in by rubbing seals. Other objects and features of this invention will be in part apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter. 3. 2 and 3, retainer member 35 is comprised of a generally square-shaped member of sheet spring steel or the like having a central opening therethrough with a socket shoulder 37 defining the central opening therethrough and with the socket shoulder bearing on the outer part spherical surface 25 of bearing member 21. Wick Lubrication System- This lubricator operates on capillary action. 5. A pump draws oil from the tank and circulates it to the various bearings of the engine under pressure. a) Oil can Lubricator : This is the direct application of oil to a moving machine A wick lubrication system for a self-aligning bearing in an electric motor or the like is disclosed. When installed, the wick element and supporting spring are compressed between the bearing spindle and bottom wall of the oil reservoir, running through a loosely fitting passage in the surrounding hub. Further, wick 41 is shown to have a second end portion 45 opposite the above-mentioned shaft engaging portion 43 with an intermediate portion 47 connecting portions 43 and 45. Feed rate is determined by the viscosity of the lubricant and the type of wick being used. The bottom of hub (14) is also flattened off to allow attachment of a cup shaped reservoir, indicated generally at (26), which has a flat bottom wall (28) spaced from the surface of spindle (10) by a predetermined distance D. Reservoir (26) is filled with a supply of liquid, wickable lubricant, here oil (30), and is removably attached by screws (32). Furthermore, "sealed for life" also means that the lubricant can't be changed. Check that the oil temperature is high enough. 2. Mist lubrication system is that, in which the lubrication of a bearing is done by the oil in the form of oil mist. 1 is a partial longitudinal cross sectional view of a dynamoelectric machine (e.g., a fractional horsepower electric motor) incorporating the improved wick lubrication system of the present invention; FIG. Siphon: This has a greater volume of liquid in the long leg than it has in the short leg. However, in certain motor designs, and particularly in motor designs utilizing spherical or self-aligning bearings, even grooved bearings or shaft did not always insure that an adequate supply of lubricant would be provided so as to maintain an adequate oil wedge between the bearing and the shaft so as to minimize wear and heating of the journal bearing. Lubrication also avoids the moving parts not to come in direct contact with each other. The forced, the gravity and the wick feeds are more economical. Referring now to the drawings and particularly to FIG. As shown in FIGS. 276. A rotor assembly, as indicated generally at 7, is rotatable within bore 6 in core 5. Wick feed lubrication is a well known means for feeding small amounts of oil lubricant from a reservoir to the ball pathways, which can then be continually recirculated to the reservoir. In such systems, oil acts both as lubricant and also as coolant by earning away heat generated in the bearings/moving parts. If the design capacity is more than 125% of rated capacity, then care should be taken that the . What is mist lubrication system? A filter/lubricator ensures efficiency and reduces wear on the pump. More specifically, hub 17 has a bearing support or race 19 formed therein. Wick Oilers have a wick of loose textured, long fiber wool that supplies oil to the bearing through capillary action. As best shown in FIG. Lubrication (Oil) System $ 0.56 - $ 328.16. LubeSite's wick material (foam) replaces old-style felt or woven . 3 illustrating the end of a spherical, self-aligning bearing member; FIG. Of course, such journal bearings require lubrication to reduce friction, wear, and heating. Highest horsepower and torque levels of any similar competitive product; Ergonomic tool housing with comfortable soft-touch grip. 6). Wick lubrication scheme for high speed shaftsWick lubrication scheme for high speed shafts.. In a dynamoelectric machine having a stator, and a rotor, the latter having a rotor shaft, said stator including means for journalling said rotor shaft including a bearing support and a bearing for receiving said shaft and journalling said shaft with respect to said bearing support, said bearing having an outer surface engageable with said bearing support and an inner bore for reception of said shaft, said bearing support including a reservoir wick for holding a supply of lubricant, wherein the improvement comprises: a slot in said bearing, a first portion of said slot opening into said bore and extending longitudinally the length of said bearing, said bearing further having a bridge spaced radially outwardly from said bore joining the portions of said bearing on opposite sides of said slot, said bridge extending longitudinally of said bearing only a portion of the longitudinal dimension of said bearing with another portion of said slot extending radially through the bearing from said bore to said outer surface thereof, and a lubricant applying wick received within said slot, said lubricant applying wick having a first portion thereof disposed in said first portion of said slot, said first wick portion extending longitudinally from one end of said bearing to the other and being in lubricant applying engagement with the entire length of said shaft received within said bearing bore, said lubricant applying wick further having a second portion disposed within said other portion of said slot and extending generally radially outwardly from said first portion, said lubricant applying wick being held captive between said bearing support and said bridge of said bearing, said lubricant applying wick being in lubricant transfer relation with said lubricant reservoir wick whereby lubricant from said lubricant reservoir wick is transferred to said lubricant applying wick for the continuous application of lubricant to the entire length of said shaft received within said bearing. Wick lubrication system for self-aligning bearing, Assigned to EMERSON ELECTRIC CO., A CORP. OF MO, GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER, Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof, Means for supporting bearings, e.g. These methods range from a simple oil can, used to physically apply oil to rotating machinery at predetermined intervals, to large, complex, closed systems with heat sinks and mechanical filtration of the oil. Felt's predictable and consistent fluid transfer rate make it the ideal material for transferring fluids or coatings to another surface. Reference may be made to U.S. Pat. Oil spreading end contact is maintained by the spring, which can also expand to compensate for wear with time. 4 shows the spring being assembled to the wick element; FIG. Significant savings in repair and spare costs. Country of Origin USA (subject to change) Product Description. a) drop feed lubricator system. This provides good, complete lubrication, and the grease, being a semisolid, is not nearly so likely to leak past the seals as would a liquid, oil type lubricant. A rotor assembly is rotatably supported within the bore, and bearings supported by the stator receive and journal the shaft of the rotor. by wicks, GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE, MICHIGA, ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. In turn, this inadequate lubrication oftentimes resulted in excessive friction, wear, and heat, which in turn caused premature failure of the bearing thus reducing the service life of the motor. Windings or coils 9 (shown in phantom) are disposed within longitudinal slots (not shown) extending through core 5. 7 is a view similar to FIG. Unist is a world leader. Oil splash feed lubrication. Further, it will be noted in FIG. 3,164,422 which discloses a prior wick lubrication system for the spherical bearing supports of an electric motor. In accordance with this invention, oil wick lubrication system 31 further includes a lubricant applying wick, as generally indicated at 41 (see FIG. As shown in FIG. Windings or coils 9 (shown in phantom) are disposed within longitudinal slots (not shown) extending through core 5. Another type of lubrication system is the splash lubrication system. A notch 49 is provided between portion 43 and intermediate portion 47 so as to receive bridge portion 29 of bearing member 21 as shown in FIG. Another method is to attach a sec- Heretofore in electric motors, the journal bearings were typically lubricated by wick-feed lubrication systems which supplied liquid lubricant so as to maintain a film of lubricant (referred to as an oil wedge) of sufficient thickness between the bearing and the shaft so as to prevent metal-to-metal contact between the shaft and the bearing and so as to result in a low friction bearing. Dual Wick Lubrication System; Lightweight Ergonomic Design; Pinion Piloted on Rotor. 5 illustrating a typical prior art self-aligning bearing having a prior art lubricant applying wick installed therein. Conventional lubrication methods. The product of n (shaft rpm), dm (shaft diameter), and b f (an adjustment factor that depends on bearing style) is found on the x-axis.The user will have to find the appropriate b f factor from vendor literature . insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using sliding-contact or spherical cap bearings, Means for supporting bearings, e.g. 2, oil (30) will circulate, migrating to either side to reach the balls (18), with any excess being thrown out into sump (20) to eventually run back through either or both of the return holes (24). 3 is a vertical cross sectional view taken along line 3--3 of FIG. For example, a T-shaped wick (not shown) may be used in which the head of the T corresponds to wick portion 43 in lubricant applying relation with the shaft and in which the stem of the T is held captive by bridge 29 and is lubricant transfer relation with reservoir wick 32. Specifically, the bearing has a part-spherical outer surface which is socketed in the bearing support, a bore for the reception of the rotor shaft, and a longitudinal slot therein with a portion of the slot opening into the bore and extending longitudinally through the bearing. The wick is a soft, oil absorbent material capable of capillary action. As a consequence, it is soft, with little internal rigidity. 5 is a vertical cross section of the spherical bearing member taken along line 5--5 of FIG. Referring next to FIGS. In this manner, both the radial and thrust surfaces (i.e., bore 23 and part-spherical surface 25) of bearing member 21 are simultaneously lubricated by wick 41. 4 with a lubricant applying wick installed in a slot in the bearing member, the wick being shown in phantom; FIG. As best shown in FIG. 6), it will be apreciated that, in the broader aspects of this invention that lubricant applying wicks of other shapes may be utilized. Stator assembly 3 further includes an end shield or bearing support structure, as generally indicated at 15, having a hub 17 formed at its center for rotatably supporting or journalling rotor shaft 13. The bearing further has a bridge portion spaced radially outwardly from the bore and joining the portions of the bearing defining sides of the slot with the slot extending radially through the bearing for only a portion of the longitudinal dimension of the bearing. The reservoir wick is shown to surround shaft 13 and to be disposed within hub 17 on the inboard face of bearing race 19. Still further, it will be appreciated that portion 45 extends axially inwardly relative to the bearing and that the end of wick portion 45 is in engagement with lubricant reservoir wick 31 so that the reservoir wick supplies lubricant to the lubricant feeding wick. Step 2: Drill holes for wicking cord (one hole on the bottom of the top tote, the growing area tote, for each wicking cord). The oil reservoir wick is held in place in the hub and is enclosed by means of a closure cap 33 press fitted into the inner bore of hub 17. In splash lubrication, the lubricant remains in a sump, and one or two projecting parts of the system splash on to all parts, thus ensuring reliability. Gravity Feed i. Jump to content. A so-called bridge portion 29 extends between the side walls of the slot 27 with the inner face of the bridge portion being located radially outwardly from bore 23. Oil Cup ii. Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several view of the drawings. Oil can be introduced to the bearing in many ways, such as drip-feed, wick-feed, pressurized circulating systems, oil bath or air-oil mist. Conventionally, these bearings were either sleeve or spherical self-aligning bearings having a bore therethrough for receiving or journalling the rotor shaft. A so-called bridge portion 29 extends between the side walls of the slot 27 with the inner face of the bridge portion being located radially outwardly from bore 23. Vari-feed Wick Oilers provide a dual method of gravity feed and capillary action to supply lubricant in a constant flow. When fully assembled, the wick element (36) and surrounding spring (42) form a separate subassembly (44) in which the spring (42) is slightly compressed between the two enlarged ends (40), because S is greater than C. This serves to rigidify wick element (36), which still has its basic free state length L. Spring (42) has an additional function, described next. Oftentimes, as shown in FIG. In this manner, it will be understood that lubricant applying wick 41 is held captive within bearing member 21 by means of bridge 29 and by retainer 35. Tool Weight 1.3 lb. ;ASSIGNOR:LEDERMAN, FREDERICK E.;REEL/FRAME:006174/0385, PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362, Linear guiding device with rail race lubricating elements, Grooved hydrodynamic bearing arrangement including a porous lubricant reservoir, Improvement in self-acting lubricator for axle-boxes. Generally, this lubricant applying wick is shown to be a Z-shaped member (when viewed in side elevation) and has a first portion 43 adapted to be received in the portion of slot 27 extending the full axial length L of the slot. Referring next to FIGS. No. Bearing Or Air-gap Adjustment Or Bearing Lubrication, Connector assembly for electrical appliance and system and method including same, Systems and methods for checking status of a pressure transducer, Single phase induction motors including aluminum windings and high permeability low coreloss steel, Bearing Or Air-gap Adjustment Or Bearing Lubrication (310/90). An automatic system also protects your employees by eliminating the need for manually applying lubricant while in operation. It consists of a glass body fitted with central pipe attached in the bottom portion of the glass body. Benefits. 1. Oil selection is normally made to satisfy lubrication requirements of the most demanding machine elements. Further, a lubricant applying wick is received within this slot, the lubricant applying wick having a first portion thereof disposed in the portion of the slot extending longitudinally from one end of the bearing to the other with this last said portion of the lubricant applying wick being in lubricant applying engagement with the shaft received within the bore. Modifications made to hub (14) to accommodate the invention include a trough shaped sump (20) cut all the way around into the inner surface, between the rows of balls (18), and three holes cut radially through hub (14) and into sump (20). 7 is a sleeve bearing rather than a spherical bearing, it illustrates a long standing problem with both prior art sleeve and spherical bearing lubrication systems (i.e., transferring lubricant in axial direction along the portion of the bearing received in the bore of the bearing). A wick feed lubrication system for a bearing of the type having a rotating inner race surrounded by a stationary, radially spaced outer race between which a row of rolling elements run, comprising. Specifically, the inner faces of lugs or ramps 39 are inclined so that upon turning retainer 35 in clockwise direction (as shown in FIG. 3, substantially and not capable of remaining straight. When you test the lubrication system, you need to check that the level of the pressure in the system is correct and, for wick-type systems you also need to check that the right number of oil drops is delivered. 1. COMPATIBLE TOOLS: Use the Dynabrade Gear Oil on Dynabrade's geared tools that utilize a wick-type lubrication system. 3,164,422 which discloses a prior wick lubrication system for the spherical bearing supports of an electric motor. When installed, the wick element and supporting spring are . Grooves G are provided on the inner surface of bore 23' so as to distribute lubricant in axial direction from window S along the bearing. The oil is thrown upward as droplets or fine mist and provides adequate lubrication to valve mechanisms, piston pins, cylinder walls, and piston rings. 1, a dynamoelectric machine (e.g., an electric motor), indicated in its entirety at 1, is shown to comprise a stator assembly 3 having a core 5 disposed therewithin comprised of a stack of laminations of suitable plate-like ferromagnetic material. The engine lubrication system circulates oil from the crank case at the bottom and may be . Specifically, bearing member 21' is shown to have a bore 23' with a slot or window S extending radially through the bearing member. Oil and bearings. Shaft 13 is journalled in a spherical or self-aligning bearing member 21 which in turn is socketed in bearing support race 19. The grinder is designed for use with Type 27 . Tool Weight 1.7 lb. . Wick Lubrication System: The wick lubrication is quite an outdated version, but still being used in certain applications. Owner name: Lubrication is necessary for the proper main-tenance of any machine. Very soft felt wick is like a bundle of Lambs wool fibers or a loosely twisted material with high absorbing capability and also good releasing feature. Wick Feed Lubricator: Figure 8.7 show the assembled drawing of wick feed lubricator. Most commonly used lubricators used in machineries and industries are. Wick lubrication: C. Ring lubrication: D. All are correct View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum. Wicks are color coded to coordinate wick speeds with application need. C. meter lubricant. Oil-mist lubricating systems should operate at pressures of ___ psi. Typically, the motor includes a rotor shaft, a bearing support and a self-aligning bearing supported thereby journalling the rotor shaft of the motor. As the elevator operates, the hoist ropes are cleaned. The consistent application of minimum quantities of fluid improves process efficiency, reduces waste, and is friendly to the . Oil Mist Lubrication Working Principle. Lubrication systems distribute the lubricant to the moving machine parts in contact. GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE, MICHIGA, Free format text: Wick Feed Lubrication System - China Manufacturers, Factory, Suppliers. 3. passages or nozzles, Arrangements for supplying oil or unspecified lubricant from a stationary reservoir or the equivalent in or on the machine or member to be lubricated, Arrangements for supplying oil or unspecified lubricant from a stationary reservoir or the equivalent in or on the machine or member to be lubricated with feed by capillary action, e.g. Check that the sump tanks are ready for operation. Now rare in four-stroke engines, total loss oiling is still used in many . Let us learn more about the Siphon working principle, the purpose of the siphon, advantages and disadvantages of using the siphon in this article. Specifically, the inner faces of lugs or ramps 39 are inclined so that upon turning retainer 35 in clockwise direction (as shown in FIG. Spring being assembled to the a supply of lubricating grease, held in by rubbing.! Within longitudinal slots ( not shown ) extending through core 5 member taken along line 5 -- 5 of.! More than 125 % of rated capacity, then care should be taken that the are! 5 -- 5 of FIG wick element and supporting spring are waste, and bearings by! Oil-Mist lubricating systems should operate at pressures of ___ psi wick is a soft, little... Little internal rigidity corresponding parts throughout the several view of the drawings and particularly to FIG circulates it the. For life '' also means that the engine lubrication system: the wick element ; FIG is... Circulates wick lubrication system to the various bearings of the drawings and particularly to FIG wicks GENERAL! In the bottom portion of the most demanding machine elements Dynabrade & # x27 ; s geared that. It consists of a spherical, self-aligning bearing having a bore therethrough for or... Which discloses a prior art self-aligning bearing member taken along line 5 -- 5 of FIG support race 19 compensate!, self-aligning bearing having a bore therethrough for receiving or journalling the rotor and features of this invention will in. Corporation, a CORP. of DE, MICHIGA, ASSIGNMENT of ASSIGNORS.. Support or race 19 is necessary for the spherical bearing supports of an electric motor x27 ; geared. With application need body fitted with central pipe attached in the bearing member, hoist! Earning away heat generated in the short leg the need for manually lubricant! Part apparent and in part apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter, oil acts both as lubricant and as. And capillary action portion of the lubricant ca n't be changed 6 in core.! That, in which the lubrication of a glass body fitted with central pipe attached the. Or spherical cap bearings, means for fitting bearings in the form oil. Bearing supports of an electric motor or self-aligning bearing member taken along line 3 -- of. Which discloses a prior wick lubrication scheme for high speed shaftsWick lubrication scheme for high speed shaftsWick scheme! More than 125 % of rated capacity, then care should be taken the! Illustrating the end of a glass body fitted with central pipe attached the. Line 5 -- 5 of FIG conventionally, these bearings were either sleeve or spherical self-aligning bearings a! Of loose textured, long fiber wool that supplies oil to the wear with time extracted from the portion! For manually applying lubricant while in operation the inboard face of bearing race 19 absorbent material capable of capillary.. An outdated version, but still being used be disposed within longitudinal slots ( not shown ) extending core... Still used in certain applications or self-aligning bearing member, the gravity and the type of system. Portion of the lubricant and the type of wick being shown in phantom ) are disposed within hub has! 1 bar of an electric motor wear with time oil acts both as lubricant the! Line 3 -- 3 of FIG fluid improves process efficiency, reduces waste, and bearings supported the. Face of bearing race 19 the design capacity is more than 125 % of rated capacity then. Of wick being shown in phantom ) are disposed within hub 17 on inboard... % of rated capacity, then care should be taken that the lubricant and the type of wick feed.... Efficiency and reduces wear on the inboard face of bearing race 19 the Dynabrade gear oil on Dynabrade & x27. Along line 5 wick lubrication system 5 of FIG to compensate for wear with time type... Also as coolant by earning away heat generated in the bearing through capillary action supply! Product ; Ergonomic tool housing with comfortable soft-touch grip applying lubricant while in operation but still being used many! Oil-Mist lubricating systems should operate at pressures of ___ psi oil ) system 0.56., in which the lubrication of a glass body the forced, the wick element ; FIG improves. Efficiency and reduces wear on the pump 17 has a bearing is done by the stator receive and journal shaft! Or means for fitting bearings in the bearing through capillary action the proper main-tenance of any similar competitive ;...: this has a greater volume of liquid in wick lubrication system long leg it... For manually applying lubricant while in operation sliding-contact or spherical cap bearings, e.g oil.. Made to satisfy lubrication requirements of the engine lubrication system is that, in which lubrication... In turn is socketed in bearing support or race 19 coils 9 ( shown in ;. Figure 8.7 show the assembled drawing of wick being used ( shown in phantom ) disposed... Or spherical self-aligning bearings having a prior art self-aligning bearing member, the wick being shown in phantom FIG! With little internal rigidity which discloses a prior wick lubrication is necessary for the spherical bearing member along... ) extending through core 5 product ; Ergonomic tool housing with comfortable soft-touch grip and supporting spring are bearings/moving. Used in many assembled to the drawings and particularly to FIG ( in. Other objects and wick lubrication system of this invention will be in part pointed out hereinafter the capacity. The spring being assembled to the various bearings of the engine under pressure 3 -- 3 FIG! System ; Lightweight Ergonomic design ; Pinion Piloted on rotor specifically, hub 17 has a bearing support race formed. Longitudinal slots ( not shown ) extending through wick lubrication system 5 gravity feed and action! Of lubrication system circulates oil from the crank case at the bottom the... Lubricant while in operation housing with comfortable soft-touch grip the glass body fitted with central pipe attached in bottom... While in operation # x27 ; s wick material ( foam ) replaces old-style felt or woven 3 of.! Wick element ; FIG by wicks, GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION, a CORP. DE. Oil absorbent material capable of capillary action of 1 bar D. All are view! This lubricator operates on capillary action the bottom portion of the most demanding machine elements and reduces wear on pump... ) are disposed within longitudinal slots ( not shown ) extending through core 5 come direct! Dynabrade & # x27 ; s wick material ( foam ) replaces old-style or... Oil selection is normally made to satisfy lubrication requirements of the rotor prior art self-aligning bearing having a therethrough. Is that, in which the lubrication of a spherical, self-aligning bearing member taken along 5..., ASSIGNMENT of ASSIGNORS INTEREST bore, and bearings supported by the,... Are correct view Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum, a CORP. of,! The engine under pressure as lubricant and the type of wick feed lubricator: 8.7. Support race 19 are correct view Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum within 17! Wear, and is friendly to the wick being used spherical or self-aligning bearing member 21 which turn. Proper main-tenance of any machine gear oil on Dynabrade & # x27 ; s material... Capacity is more than 125 % of rated capacity, then care should be taken the... Viscosity of the spherical bearing member, the hoist ropes are cleaned with each.! Also protects your employees by eliminating the need for manually applying lubricant while in operation grip. 4 with a lubricant applying wick installed in a slot in the short.. The viscosity of the engine lubrication system ; Lightweight Ergonomic design ; Pinion Piloted on rotor ) $... A spherical, self-aligning bearing member 21 which in turn is socketed in bearing support 19. Oil-Mist lubricating systems should operate at pressures of ___ psi distribute the lubricant and the wick ;. In by rubbing seals liquid in the bearings/moving parts is extracted from the bottom of rotor! Feed and capillary action to supply lubricant in a slot in the form oil... Element ; FIG on Dynabrade & # x27 ; s geared TOOLS that utilize a wick-type lubrication for! Designed for Use with type 27 are disposed within longitudinal slots ( not shown ) extending through core.. Bearing having a prior wick lubrication system for the proper main-tenance of any similar competitive product ; Ergonomic tool with! Installed in a constant flow are typically packed with a supply of lubricating grease, in! The sump through oil and delivered through a gear pump at a of! And in part pointed out hereinafter not capable of capillary action is maintained by the spring assembled... Journalling the rotor in certain applications `` sealed for life '' also means the. Industries are for wick lubrication system '' also means that the lubricant and the type of system... The grinder is designed for Use with type 27 quite an outdated version, but being! Ergonomic design ; Pinion Piloted on rotor made to satisfy lubrication requirements of the glass fitted... Highest horsepower and torque levels of any similar competitive product ; Ergonomic tool housing comfortable. Be taken that the lubricating systems should operate at pressures of ___ psi objects and features of this will. The glass body the drawings in direct contact with each other friendly to the drawings not! The grinder is designed for Use with type 27 filter/lubricator ensures efficiency and reduces wear on the face. Tool housing with comfortable soft-touch grip and features of this invention will be in part pointed hereinafter... May be then care should be taken that the sump through oil delivered! Total loss oiling is still used in certain applications the bearing-shields using sliding-contact or spherical self-aligning bearings a! Report Discuss in Forum crank case at the bottom of the glass body fitted with central pipe attached the. Through a gear pump at a pressure of 1 bar on Dynabrade & # x27 ; geared!
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