User: She worked really hard on the project. Intrusive or plutonic rocks crystallize from magma beneath the earth's surface. Rhyolite is commonly pink and will often have glassy quartz phenocrysts. Granite is a course-crystalline felsic intrusive rock. d. D) peridotite, Most magmas are dominantly molten rock (a liquid called "melt"). A) considered "volcanic" rocks because they form from magma beneath the surface; considered "plutonic" because they form from lava erupted from a volcano. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. B) mineral composition A stock is a type of pluton with less surface exposure than a batholith and may represent a narrower neck of material emerging from the top of a batholith. The large crystals are called phenocrysts and the fine-grained matrix is called the groundmass or matrix. Glazner, A. F., Bartley, J. M., Coleman, D. S., Gray, W. & Taylor, R. Z. True Over millions of years, the magma in this subduction zone can create a series of active volcanoes known as a volcanic arc. C) The extrusive magma, because it is deep below the surface, cools very slowly, producing very small mineral grains. The early-forming olivine crystals react with silica in the remaining liquid magma and are converted into pyroxene, something like this: Mg2SiO4 + SiO2 (olivine) becomes 2MgSiO3 (proxene). In violent eruptions, the volume of magma shrinks so much that the entire magma chamber collapses and forms a caldera. The processes by which a diapir intrudes into the surrounding native or country rock are not well understood and are the subject of ongoing geological inquiry [3]. Figure 4.1. The minerals present will be olivine, pyroxene, and calcium-rich plagioclase. B. quartz Diorite is a coarse-crystalline intermediate intrusive igneous rock. Obsidian is a rock consisting of volcanic glass. Andesitic rocks are often found at continental volcanic arcs, such as the Andes Mountains in South America, after which they are named. A) andesitic Match the igneous rock texture and its appropriate description. A. phaneritic texture, relatively low silica content A) the rock's texture A) highly viscous, cools slowly 2. Magma is a molten and semi- molten rock mixture found under the surface of the Earth. in, Chris Johnson, Matthew D. Affolter, Paul Inkenbrandt, & Cam Mosher, status page at https://status.libretexts.org. D. andesite Composition refers to a rocks chemical and mineral make-up. D) komatiite C) Both of these. flowing rock above Earths surface, When your rsum is first reviewed, a potential employer looks at it for approximately _____. A) pyroclastic The dikes may be intruding over millions of years, but since they may be made of similar material, they would be appearing to be formed at the same time. A magma consists mostly of liquid rock matter, but may contain crystals of various minerals, and may contain a gas phase that may be dissolved in the liquid or may be present as a separate gas phase. A. convergent plate boundaries Figure 3.15 Porphyritic textures: volcanic porphyry (left - olivine crystals in Hawaiian basalt) and intrusive porphyry (right) [SE] Exercises Exercise 3.4 Porphyritic Minerals In the atmosphere, tephra is more often called volcanic ash. These groups refer to differing amounts of silica, iron, and magnesium found in the minerals that make up the rocks. E. crystal settling. The gas bubbles become trapped in the solidifying lava to create a vesicular texture, with the holes specifically called vesicles. User: 3/4 16/9 Weegy: 3/4 ? Over millions of years, many magma chambers simply cool to form a pluton or large igneous intrusion. If any melting takes place, crystal settling will make the magma at the bottom of the chamber more mafic than it was to begin with (Figure 3.3.6c). C. Thin sections are thin slices of rocks that block light from passing through them so that rocks may be studied using a magnifying lens. Dikes are important to geologists, not only for the study of igneous rocks themselves but also for dating rock sequences and interpreting the geologic history of an area. Areas of lower pressure always have a lower melting point than areas of high pressure. T The purpose of writing a rsum is to get a job. D) the magma cools causing ions to come closer together, the first ions being Si and O to form Si-O tetrahedra. This process transfers heat and creates magma. D. ocean ridge volcanoes Batholiths are found in the cores of many mountain ranges, including the granite formations of Yosemite National Park in the Sierra Nevada of California. B. Olivine - pyroxene - amphibole - biotite Which of the following can account for variations in a magma/rock composition? The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. What is the most important factor for whether a magma cools slowly or quickly? The environment in which an igneous rock solidified (extrusive, intrusive or otherwise) can be inferred best by which of the following? An active volcano always has a magma chamber beneath the cone. D) pressure. The processes by which a diapir intrudes into the surrounding native or country rock are not well understood and are the subject of ongoing geological inquiry [3]. A single magma may generate several mineralogically different igneous rocks. These compounds cause the rock to melt at lower temperatures. 1. basaltic scoria 30-45 seconds Intermediate MagmaIntermediate magma has higher silica content (roughly 60%) than mafic magma. Stage 3, Instead of having to know HTML code, most Web sites will have templates that make creating Web rsums easy. = 2 5/20 As it falls to Earth, tephra includes rocks such as pumice. Igneous rocks are classified based on texture and composition. igneous rock, any of various crystalline or glassy rocks formed by the cooling and solidification of molten earth material. A) Upon eruption, magma becomes "lava," the form of the magma that flows out of the volcano. Ultramafic refers to the extremely mafic rocks composed of mostly olivine and some pyroxene which have even more magnesium and iron and even less silica. Texture describes the physical characteristics of the minerals, such as grain size. National Geographic News: New Magma Layer Found Deep in Earth's Mantle? Figure 3.3.1, 3.3.4, 3.3.5, 3.3.6, 3.3.7, 3.3.8: Steven Earle. As the denser tectonic plate subducts, or sinks below, or the less-dense tectonic plate, hot rock from below can intrude into the cooler plate above. Magma Escape Routes Magma leaves the confines of the upper mantle and crust in two major ways: as an intrusion or as an extrusion. CC BY. If magma cools slowly, deep within the crust, the resulting rock is called intrusive or plutonic. Match the rock name with the best description. 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