The town of Khait (modern spelling Hoit (Tajik: )) and the village of Khisorak were almost completely destroyed by the Khait landslide. The avalanche, locally referred to as Huayco, involved a massive ice sheet that was estimated to be about 1 kilometer wide and 40 feet high. The landslide exposed the dacite magma in St. Helens neck to much lower pressure, causing the gas-charged, partially molten rock and high-pressure steam above it to explode a few seconds after the landslide started. Khait landslide happened in 1949. The Yungay Landslide in Yungay, a rural community in Peru happened on May 31, 1970, due to three different natural disasters. Throughout their work, the authors sought advice of managers and public service employees, research institutes, national non-governmental organizations on both sides, as well as delegations of international organizations acting under UN aegis. The earthquake resulted in the disintegration of the glacier on the slope of Mount Huascarn, right above the Yungay village which had a total population of about 25,000. The Khait or Hoit landslide occurred on July 10, 1949 in the Hoit district in the Gharm Oblast in the Tajikistan, then part of the Soviet Union. Next in terms of significance are mudflows and landslides for mountainous parts and floods for flatlands. [2] At the same time the Tajik Basin is being shortened in response to oblique collision with the Pamirs, forming a series of north-south to SW-NE trending thrust faults, the earthquake is thought to have been caused by movement on the Vakhsh thrust, one of these faults. For the Khait landslide itself they conclude that about 800 fatalities is probably a reasonable estimate - note that this very considerably less than earlier estimates. In a typical year in the United States, expansive soils cause damage to more homes than earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, and tornadoes combined. Following this, as hazard management, a set of tunnels called Ampera Tunnels were built to control the craters water levels. The landslide became more mobile once it began to entrain loess material and reached the Obi-Kabud River where it traversed the floodplain and surmounted a 25 m high river terrace on the river's west bank. However, some rather speculative reports have suggested that the impacts were very large for example this article in Mountain Research and Development reported a huge landslide at a site that it termed Borgulchak Rock. Huaraz Debris Flows, Ancash, Peru, December 1941 (5,000 deaths) 62 Nevado Huascaran Debris Fall, Ranrahirca, Peru, January 1962 (4,500 deaths) Khait Landslide, Tajikstan, July 1949 (4,000 deaths)) Diexi Slides, Sichuan, China, August 1933 (3,000+ deaths) Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. 10. Landslide attacks can damage enemies across the Rift Plane. News of the landslide was not publicly revealed by the government and details of the disaster were not revealed until after the fall of the Soviet Union. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. This landslide was one of the most destructive landslides in history. A re-examination of the mechanism and human impact of catastrophic mass flows originating on Nevado Huascarn, Cordillera Blanca, Peru in 1962 and 1970, On the loss of life in landslides during the 1949 Khait earthquake. 1), total survey area is over 10 700 km2. Civil Engineering PowerPoint Presentations, 10. Yungay Landslide. Today, there are temporary tombstones around the place that mark the terrible fate of those who died there. The 8.5-magnitude Haiyuan Earthquake was the worlds second deadliest earthquake of the 20th Century. The 2005 NiasSimeulue earthquake occurred on 28 March off the west coast of northern Sumatra, Javascript must be enabled to use all features of this site and to avoid misfunctions, The first FREE portal which is able to compare COVID-19 Virus stats, bombs, buildings, helicopters, airplanes, cities, countries, continents and planets in an userfriendly interface. Spatial Distribution. The Huascarn earthquake set the ticking time bomb for a number of seismic events that plunged the village into ruins. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Deadliest Landslides In Recorded History. There was one more such subsequent eruption at Mount Kelud in 1966, that took more than 200 lives. What has been the 10 worst landslide disasters in history? Secure .gov websites use HTTPS Monetary losses from landslides come from the destruction of infrastructure, homes and businesses; loss of life; disruption of transportation routes; disruption and contamination of water supplies; and the difficulty of both removing and stabilizing landslide material. [3] The magnitude was recalculated as 7.5 on the moment magnitude scale in the ISC-GEM catalogue published in 2013. This landslide killed all but one of the 577 people in the town of Deixi. The current lack of relevant tools to assess a complex and ever-changing environment in these cross-border areas does not allow an effective assessment of risks and planning for natural disaster mitigation. This flow continued down the valley floor for more than another 4,000 m, despite the relatively low slope (3.6). 62 Nevado Huascaran Debris Fall, Ranrahirca, Peru, January 1962 (4,500 deaths), 7. Chau K.T., Wong R.H.C., Liu J. and Lee C.F. When newly built in 1963, the Vajont Dam in Italy was the tallest in the world but building the dam proved fatal as it activated strong seismic activity. It ended up carrying 50-100 million cubic meters of water, mud, and rocks, which reached the village of Yungay and smothered all life forms therein under its deadly cover. Kelud Lahars, East Java, Indonesia, May 1919 (5,000+ deaths), 5. Kids Encyclopedia Facts. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". From February 20 to March 28, 2012, the project had carried out Regional Characterization Study in order to identify potential risks both in Tajik and Afghan target territories and had developed hazard maps following the assessment. The 1978 Tabas earthquake occurred on September 16 at 19:05:55 local time in central Iran. The lahars moved down the mountains with high velocity and swept away and drowned all that were unfortunate enough to be in its path. DOI: 10.1016/J.ENGGEO.2009.08.007 Corpus ID: 128681252; Landslides triggered by the 1949 Khait earthquake, Tajikistan, and associated loss of life @article{Evans2009LandslidesTB, title={Landslides triggered by the 1949 Khait earthquake, Tajikistan, and associated loss of life}, author={Stephen G. Evans and Nicholas J. Roberts and A. Ischuk and Keith B. Delaney and Galina S. Morozova and Olga V . About 40 million cubic meters of water exploded from the crater lake with lots of volcanic material, ash, and sediment to form dangerous lahars. The disaster struck the southern limits of the Tien Shan ranges in central Tajikistan. One such natural catastrophe occurred in July of 1949, when the 7.4 magnitude Khait Earthquake triggered hundreds of landslides near the southern limits of the Tien Shan ranges in central Tajikistan. Khait Landslide, Tajikstan, July 1949 (4,000 deaths)), 8. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. According to them, thoughtless human intervention in the Himalayan mountain ecosystem had rendered the ecosystem extremely fragile and prone to disaster. Although heavy rainfall affected other states like Haryana, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh almost 90% of the fatalities were associated with Uttarakhand. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. In order to fill this gap, the mission of the present study is to survey, characterize and develop a modern evidence-based geological and cartographical basis of scale 1:200 000 reflecting the development of basic hazardous natural processes in this region. What was the biggest mudslide? 5, pp. Most of the fatalities were caused by numerous landslides triggered by the earthquake. A dormant volcano, the Nevado del Ruiz in Tolima, Colombia, suddenly came to life on November 13, 1985, wreaking havoc on the nearby villages and towns, and killing as many as 23,000 people. One significant but until now slightly elusive such event has been the 1949 Khait earthquake. The paper re-evaluates the Khait landslide, and the other large slide that was triggered in the earthquake, providing a rational analysis of the likely impacts of the mass movements. Accueil | ENGINEERING ARTICLES | Civil Engineering Articles | GEOTECHNICAL | Deadliest Landslides In Recorded History. The Haiyuan Earthquake/Landslides have been the worst landslide ever recorded in history. For the Yasman Valley flowslide they estimate about 4,000 fatalities, and they determine that there were probably a further 2,400 deaths. The volcanic flow melted the glaciers in the mountain sending devastating lahars concentrated with volcanic debris of ice, snow, and mud. Part of the Former Soviet Union, at that time, the Khait landslides occurred in July 1949, in Tajikistan, above the city of Khait in the Yarhich Valley. The worst affected areas included the the epicenter of the earthquake in the Haiyuan County in what is now the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, as well as the neighboring provinces of Gansu and Shaanxi. 'Khait' is a transliteration from Russian: ; local modern spelling: Hoit (Tajik: ).. Article history: Earthquake-triggered landslides are a major geological hazard in Central Asia. This blog A lot of the landslides are all natural disasters that come from problems with Mother Nature including problems with the soil and trouble with weather . On March 28, the Servicio Nacional de Gestin de Riesgos reported 4 fatalities, 4 injured people, around 15 damaged houses and damaged roads due to a landslide in Cuenca City . (2009) then consider the fatalities caused by the landslides. Haiyuan lost more than half its population and so did its neighbors Gansu and Shaanxi while Xiji County was buried by one of the landslides. Fire in 1906 San Francisco and 1923 Great Kanto caused significant losses, but since then, important losses have also occurred in many earthquakes. 'Khait' is a transliteration from Russian: ; local modern spelling: Hoit (Tajik: ). 2 Comments/Trackbacks , Your email address will not be published. The landslide was triggered by the 1949 Khait earthquake and buried 33 villages and has by some estimates killed 28,000 people. 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