As soon as their train drew in to Nairobi station they were met by members of the Polish Red Cross, the Polish Delegation, the Kenya Women's Emergency Organisation, and other officials, and were given refreshments. At the Polish Institute in London, he found the only existing film footage from the Tanzanian refugee camp where his grandmother had lived. The pace of evacuation of Polish refugees from Iran to Africa was high. Those who refused were persecuted, sent to jails; mothers were told that if they refused, they would be sent to labor camps and their children would end up at orphanages. Fundatsiia Sv.Volodymyra, . Polish territory was occupied, so the government could only count on the Britons help in finding shelter for the population. Approximately 90% of them were non-Jewish Poles, with most of the remaining ones Jewish. On March 19, 1942, General Wadysaw Anders ordered the evacuation of Polish soldiers and civilians who lived next to army camps. 22, 1941. In 1948, the majority of the exiles were resettled in various parts of the UK, Canada and Australia. Stalin simply said that there were none -- all those surviving the war had run away13 Churchill, however, saw the true dimension of the issue. Some of the women, however, became understandably worried at the thought of life in Africa. 492s. Roma J. Czech, a dental hygienist in the UK, recalls a little of her mothers time in the displaced persons camps in Kenya. A commandant usually a British official stood at the head of the administration of each of the settlements. In January 1948, the Commissioner of the East African Refugee Administration wrote a letter about the deportation of the Polish refugees from the Abercorn camp. The best housing conditions were enjoyed by Poles settling in Ifunda 780 people lived in 100 brick houses concentrated in five districts, which had own kitchens, dining rooms, laundry rooms and warehouses. Another report that Van Vliet made a few days later in Washington is considered missing. about one in ten of all adult males,1 and murdered. A Polish publication estimated that 556,000 Germans and Poles died in these territories from all causes during this period.30 The West German Federal Ministry for Expellees, Refugees, and War Victims calculated the loss from 1945 to 1950 as 1,225,000 for Germany's eastern territories.31 The German Statistisches Bundesamt in Wiesbaden put the number at 1,339,000 for just the former eastern territories32 Weighing a variety of such estimates, I calculate the dead for the eastern territories and old Poland as 415,000 to almost 3,100,000, probably around 1,600,000 Reich and ethnic Germans, as given in Table 12.1. World War Two: The deportation of Polish refugees to Abercorn "The complex story of Polish refugees in Iran", "Iran and the Polish Exodus from Russia 1942", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Evacuation_of_Polish_civilians_from_the_USSR_in_World_War_II&oldid=1096111774, Articles using infobox templates with no data rows, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Over 30,000 military personnel and about 11,000 children evacuated from March 24 until the first days of April 1942, Over 43,000 military personnel and about 25,000 civilians evacuated by sea from August 10 to September 1, 1942, This page was last edited on 2 July 2022, at 11:09. page http://www.archiwa.gov.pl/, PIASA: http://www.piasa.org/polisharchives.html The expected end of the war limited further evacuations. Both Soviet authorities and citizens of the country claimed that since the Polish Army did not fight the Germans, Poles were not entitled to any privileges. Wymiana listw z instytucjami w Stanach [citation needed] In Uganda, the biggest campswhich housed some 6,400 people, including 3,000 childrenwere at Koja (Mukono District by Lake Victoria) and Masindi, Western Uganda. Political Migrations on Polish Territories (19391950). As elsewhere, kindergartens and grammar schools provided for the educational needs of the youngsters. The sworn deposition provides evidence of Soviet responsibility for the 1940 massacre of some 22,000 Polish officers in the Katyn forest and other places in what was then the Soviet Union. For several weeks hundreds of machete-wielding Bunyoro men were put to work and cleared about a three kilometre-square of bush and elephant grass. Apathetic at first, as the refugees settled into camp life they gradually recovered an interest in using their various skills. The next groups arriving in October were directed to Tengeru, Kondoa, Ifunda and Kidugala. This agreement was signed on July 30 1941 and enabled all Polish people to be freed for the purpose of forming an Army and help Stalin fight Hitler. As historians dig out more information from national archives, and descendants recount family stories, the story of the Polish exiles in Africa gets richer. Her son died young due to an accident; her daughter still lives in South Africa with her grandchildren.[16]. On August 1, 1946, the financial responsibility for the maintenance of Polish settlements was taken over by the United Nations Administration for Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) and from July 1947 by the International Refugees Organization (IRO). Having unloaded H.M. Troopship Nevasa at Karachi, then in India, now West Pakistan they were tasked to sail to Khorramshahr, in Persia, now Iran on the 17th of March 1944. It was set up in 1942. (Vydano u spivpratsi z Fundatsiieiu Doslidzhennia Lemkivshyny. One of them was a cook in the hospital and worked with the local natives in the kitchens, writes Elizabeth Taylor, in her 2012 book Next Stop to Siberia about the members of her family who were deported to Russias Siberian Gulag labour camps and who were later exiled to East Africa. [5], The evacuation of the Polish people from the USSR lasted from March 24, 1942, for one week, and then again from August 10, 1942, until the beginning of September. The housing was primitive: dwellings made of clay, with roofs made of grass and banana leaves. PHOTO | UGANDA NATIONAL ARCHIVES. The first group of exiles arrived in Africa in late 1942-44. This number does not include those shot for failing or straying out of line during deportation, or disobeying an It triggered an amnesty for the Poles in the USSR. Such was the lot of Eighty percent of the food consumed by the Jews was smuggled into the ghettos by Poles. In August 1945, the number of Polish refugees in Northern Rhodesia was 3,419, of which . There were 22 different camps that housed 13,000-19,000 Polish exiles spread out across East and Southern Africa, some with more than 6,000 people, others with just a handful of families. LUDNO CYWILNA I SIEROTY POLSKIE PO AMNESTII 12 SIERPNIA 1941 ROKU. And from 1939 to 1941, they deported en mass about 1,6000,000 Poles, including 400,000 Jews. Poles in Mexico were not allowed to leave their camps. People kept their own gardens, with vegetables. PHOTO | UGANDA NATIONAL ARCHIVES. He still gets goose bumps when he looks at the footage today. Among them 1,000,000 were children under eighteen years of age 1. The bishop came from Kampala to consecrate it. Some of them went on to emigrate to the United States, Argentina, Canada, France and Australia. These journeys, often several weeks long, brought new suffering and tens of thousands died from hunger, cold, heat, disease and exhaustion on that trip to freedom. Gore Browne, expected around 500 Polish refugees to arrive from the Middle East. On November 1, 1944, USS General George M. Randall (AP-115) arrived at Wellington, with 733 children on board. 1,400 people arrived on board ship, then they were transported to Dar es Salaam. There she met her husband, a Pole and a survivor of the Majdanek concentration camp. That was when Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin signed a non-aggression pact that divided several eastern European. Ukraintsi v Rumunii, Chekhoslovachchyni, Pol'shi, Iuhoslavii. The Millenium of Christianity in Rus'-Ukraine. It took a while for Durand to understand why Africa seemed so familiar to him. Peter Fraser and Countess Wodzicka with Polish children (Alexander Turnbull Library, 1/2-003634-F) Over 800 Polish refugees seeking safety from war-torn Europe disembarked in Wellington. ul. As the new border between the postwar Poland and the Soviet Union along the Curzon Line (requested by Stalin at Yalta) has been ratified, the ensuing population exchange affected about 1.1 million Poles (including Polish Jews) as well as close to half a million ethnic Ukrainians. living conditions and brought the devastating contagious diseases under control, At the end of 1944, there were 13,364 Polish citizens in three countries of East Africa, of which 6,331 in Tanganyika. list of polish refugees in east africa and rhodesia list of polish refugees in east africa and rhodesia. After the end of WWII in September 1945, the African host countries pushed to get rid of the Polish refugees. The British authorities were also preparing for their arrival in Africa. Sanok-Przemysl-Belz area. About 700,000 Poles were sent to Germany for forced labor,6 many to die there. But that was not How a displaced Polish family found refuge in Tanzania, Tanzania joins projects financier Africa50, Bola Tinubu: Nigeria's political 'godfather', Tinubu declared Nigeria's president-elect. At the peak period, 4,018 people lived in it. Children were the vast majority of the refugees. Zapysky. In order to ensure the highest quality of our services, we use small files called cookies. amnesty etc. READ: How a displaced Polish family found refuge in Tanzania. In the larger camps, like Tengeru [Arusha], there was less opportunity to meet Tanzanians, if only because there was a critical mass of Poles to spend time with, says Jonathan Durand, a Canadian documentary filmmaker and the grandson of Polish-African refugees. In Eastern Africa, six permanent Polish refugee settlements were established: four in Tanganyika (Tengeru, Kondoa, Ifunda, Kidugala) and two in Uganda (Masindi and Koja). Two hostels were also established: one in Island Bay for girls, the other in Lyall Bay for boys. [17] Despite political instability and famine in Iran at that time, Polish refugees were welcomed by the smiles and generosity of the Iranian people. Korespondencja - sprawy urze dowe i osobiste (1946-1947). (0-22) 831-32-06 do 08 The family later immigrated to Canada via Iran and Italy. The clusters of Polish refugees also arose in both Rhodesia and the Union of South Africa. In August 1945, the number of Polish refugees in Northern Rhodesia was 3,419, of which 1,227 stayed in camps in the capital Lusaka, 1,431 in Bwana Mkubwa at the Copperbelt,164 in Fort Jameson at the border with Nyasaland, and 597 in Abercorn in the Northern Province. Thousands of Europeans sought sanctuary in Africa during World War II among them were many Polish people. pomocy charytatywnej (1948-1949). Records By the end of 1945, another 4,300 were evacuated to Lebanon; by 1946, that number rose to 6,000. Perturbatsii: suspil'no-politychnyi kvartal'nyk. The [following] article The government of Mexico did not finance their staymoney came from the funds of a special Polish-British-American committee. camp) Poland, Archives: Polish refugees in Africa. In South Africa alone there were 18 Polish schools with about 1,800 students in attendance. First the exiles came out of Siberia in cattle cars, arriving at ports on the Caspian Sea. Abdi Latif Dahir. My two aunts lived in Koja Camp for several years and spoke of their time there with great affection. The adults were uneasy and afraid of the unknown, but us, the children, were happy for an adventure. "African countries were on their way to independence and didn't want reminders of colonial rule," said Devlin. For traveling in the opposite direction and trying to cross the borders of Europe, also in Poland, are thousands of refugees from the Middle East and elsewhere. By clicking an e-mail address provided as a link, you consent to the processing of your data (e-mail address and other data provided on a voluntary basis in the message) in order for the recipient to send a response to the submitted questions. A Polish woman and her grandchildren at an American Red Cross evacuation camp in, Evacuation of Polish civilians from the USSR in World War II. Own farms were run. The first stop of the refugees evacuated with Anders' army was Iran, where they found temporary quarters in large transit camps initially located in Pahlavi and Mashhad, and later in Tehran and Ahvaz. These included 200,828 ethnic Poles, 90,662 Jews, 31,392 Ukrainians, 27,418 Belorussians, 3,421 Russians, and 2,291 persons of other nationalities. in the plans, and two days later all of the refugees were shipped off to Malaria killed many of the refugees and many more also suffered from amoebic dysentery. Krakivs'ki Ukrainoznavchi Zoshyty. To relieve ourselves, we had to jump out of the train whenever it stopped. medical experiments, and terror bombing, and in the concentration and death http://www.mapywig.org/m/wig500k/MAPA_POLSKI_1_500_000_KRAKOW_11.jpg, From Statistics Of Poland's Democide: Addenda* By R.J. Rummel T.2. The KNBS CPI showed cabbages, carrots and sukuma wiki were among food items whose prices significantly. One of the largest refugee groups in Africa was some twenty thousand Polish people, who stayed from 1942 to 1950 in 20 refugee camps spread over Britain's African colonies. http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2014/01/08/world/europe/ap-eu-poland-katyn-massacre.html?emc=eta1&_r=0, Then there were the Soviet deportations. Hankiewicza 1 The British people were now resigned to the fact that Hitler had to be stopped by force. The largest Polish settlement in Tengeru had 947 houses. t.208. Image: Courtesy/Jonathan Durand. When the Polish community Subscribe now for as little as $2 a month! Copies of The Polish refugees who were going to East Africa were shipped from Iran, or taken from Iran to India and shipped from an Indian port, to different African destinations. About one third of the civilians were children. The service can provide the following: + A town or village location search and, if available, a brief area history. In Eastern Africa, six permanent Polish refugee settlements were established: four in Tanganyika (Tengeru, Kondoa, Ifunda, Kidugala) and two in Uganda (Masindi and Koja). But Poles were reluctant to return to their homeland, which was under staunch Soviet control. They were boys and girls aged 14 to 18, who while in Soviet Union were members of a scout organization of the Polish Army. The refugees arrived on African shores in two stages. The camps were closed and lands reverted to the colonial governments for local peoples settlements or administrative centres, and the graves were maintained for posterity. Wood scavenged from the surrounding wilderness was used for fuel, and a bakery was eventually established that baked over one thousand loaves of bread daily. They also murdered about 65,000 Poles in this terror.2, In one notorious massacre, in incredibly cold calculation, the NKVD-the Soviet secret police--systematically executed possibly 14,471 former polish officers, including political leaders, government officials, For many, the help provided by the United States and Great Britain was too little and too late. They then constructed temporary mud and thatch huts. Another quarter of a million were repatriated to the "recovered territories" of It appeared in the "Miedzy Nami" in one of Canadian newspapers Consuls together with delegates of the Polish Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare dealt with Polish refugees. The Polish refugees who were going to East Africa were shipped from Iran, or taken from Iran to India and shipped from an Indian port, to different African destinations. Advertisement From 1942 to 1950, nearly twenty thousand Poles found refuge from the horrors of war-torn Europe in camps within Britain's African colonies, including Uganda, Tanganyika, Kenya and Northern and Southern Rhodesia. ul. There was spinning, weaving, dressmaking, basket making with raffia from the wild palm trees in the forests, carpentry and metal-working. Wanda Nowoisiad-Ostrowska, quoted by historian Tadeusz Piotrowski (The Polish Deportees of World War II), remembered that Abercorn camp was divided into six sections of single-room houses, a washing area, a laundry, a church, and four school buildings with seven classes. Relatives of Polish exiles who died in Uganda where they had found refuge during WW2, refresh the tombstone. Sandifort,Mary-Ann The forgotten Story of Polish refugees in Zambia, Zambia's Bulletin & Record,June 2015 P20. A Polish Child's WWII Journey. They settled in transit and permanent camps in the British colonies of Uganda, Kenya, and Tanganyika. The little known story of the Polish refugees who fled to East Africa during World War II. The Polish Examination Board established examinations for students. Balachadi became a refuge for some 1,000 Polish children. Western Poland during the massive population exchanges following Several camps were opened in and around Bombay, with the biggest one located at Kolhapur Valivade, where 5,000 stayed. Fifteen Polish schools were eventually founded in Lebanon as well as a small Polish library consisting of some 500 Polish books and additional volumes in other languages. Six years of war brought many changes to familiar festive rituals. The Polish representative to the Potsdam conference claimed there were only 1,500,000, the United States estimated 2,000,000. Occasionally, visitors from Poland (families of the dead) make pilgrimages to the various sites in East Africa to lay wreaths in the Polish national colours of red and white. 7a Polish refugees in Middle East (1942-47) . Camps: Upon agreement between Prime Minister Wadysaw Sikorski and the government of Mexico, some 10,000 Polish refugees settled in Mexico. Jewish Ghetto Police were to arrest non-Jews who made purchases in stores exclusively designated for the Jews or brought merchandise or food with them. Camp life was organized, there was a school, scouts, and religious life. In Africa, Polish schools, churches, hospitals, civic centers, and manufacturing and service cooperatives were founded and Polish culture prospered. Northern Rhodesia had three camps. Shelved under: Naukove Tovarystvo im.Shevchenka. Regards, Richard P. From Videofact International, Documentary Press, here is Part 1: Language--U. Varshava. "I recognized the hospital and a group of young girls walking toward the camera. There were already 22 camps, with 18,000 people who like us had gone through different places of exile in the USSR, scattered across British Africafrom Kenya to Cape Colony.[12]. After Yalta [15] The single man has not been traced; the woman, Josefa Bieronska, moved to South Africa with her children. 23sm. In January 1944, the Polish staff in all East African camps had been reduced. "When your Polish grandmother says that she has gone on safari on Africa's highest mountain, that inspires a child's imagination," he told DW. They are ignoring the benefits migration can bring, says Ghanaian migration expert Stephen Adaawen. And a few years ago, in 1996 in Chicago, the Poles of Santa Rosa celebrated the 50th anniversary of their arrival in the United States. For two years, freight trains ferried entire Polish families across the greater Kresy region to Kazakhstan and luckily, over 110,000 Poles among them 36,000 women and children, managed to leave the Soviet Union with the Polish forces. US membership $20; Canadian membership is $25. Awi'tojerska which I can't recall at the moment. Many Poles left Iran for India, thanks to the efforts of Polish consul in Bombay, Eugeniusz Banasinski. Polish children in Tengeru, Tanzania in 1946. The settlement was financed by the Polish Government in London and by American institutions, including the National Catholic Welfare Conference and the Polish American Council. The listing of refugees is not complete, because new waves of refugees were constantly flowing in. Thousands of Jews were employed by the Soviets in deportation and execution of Polish citizens. South Africa, South Rhodesia, and North Rhodesia also became the home of Poles. Poles did not stay in the Soviet-controlled Iran for long for several reasons, including the hostility of Soviet authorities who occupied northern Iran (see Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran), as well as the threat from the German armies that had already reached the Caucasus (see Case Blue), and finally due to poor living conditions.[13]. 02-103 Warszawa Each camp had its own school, clubroom, and theatre. papers in Archiwa IJP, Polish version, http://dione.ids.pl/~ijp/pol/aog4.html or Polish his evil empire. The refugees finally left Iran after a few months, and were transported to a number of countries, such as Lebanon, Mandatory Palestine, India, Uganda, Kenya, Tanganyika, Northern and Southern Rhodesia, South Africa, New Zealand, and Mexico. "Polish Refugees in Iran during World War II". (Roman Kryk, red.) Here's a map that shows For tens of thousands the Soviet Union became their final resting place before the war's end. Ul. They had travelled via Russia, Persia, the Middle East to East Africa where, together with other Polish refugees they will build their own settlements. imprisoned about 500,000 Poles during 1939-1941, including former officials, First schools were opened in Tehran, where after one year there were ten Polish educational institutions. A one-time Amnesty for Polish citizens in the Soviet Union was declared by Stalin. This has fueled speculation that the U.S. government helped cover up Soviet responsibility for the massacre out of fear that saying the truth would anger Stalin, whom the Allies were counting on to help them defeat Germany and Japan in World War II. Their ship docked at the port of Mombasa and from here they were settled in camps in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania (then Tanganyika) and Zambia and Zimbabwe (formerly Northern and Southern Rhodesia). The actual number of Germans remaining in these former German territories put under Polish authority was one of the critical questions regarding both Poland's new borders and the expulsions. In Tanganyika, the largest settlement was Tengeru (4,000 refugees) and smaller camps were located in Kigoma, Kidugala, Ifunda, Kondoa, and Morogoro. (01.02.2019). 8a Soviet reoccupation of the Borderlands (1944-45) 8b Repatriation (1944-47) Expulsion from Poland - beginning of wandering. Ukrains'ki hovirky u Pol'shi. In November 1947, the action of reuniting military families began, thanks to which about 9,500 people left Africa. PERIODICALS Archiwum Akt Nowych The Polish migration to Africa has its roots in an event from August 1939. 23cm. Southern Rhodesia, then a self-governing colony of the United Kingdom that is located in the now-independent Zimbabwe, entered World War II along with Britain shortly after the invasion of Poland in 1939. Africa provided another safe harbor for the Poles. 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