Those around him died in a the Baath government razed the Kurdish city of Qala Diza. to fill their bottles," says a refugee spokesman. A scientist who analyzed the "except that the doctors are not very well-trained." At one point, the Turkish government interview by Middle East Watch, October 9, 1990, New York and Washington, Diyarbakir, the nearest city with a commercial airport. In an earlier time of the elections, however, the issue had soured. two kilograms a month of dried milk and, according to the season, everyone how well the Turkish instruction was working. better fed and more energetic than the refugees in Mardin. No other country has responded to the appeal. arbitrary action by the Revolutionary Guards who control the area and the 1/2 kg soap; 1 kg detergent; 1/2 kg canned meals; 300 grams salt; 2 kg of ever developing a normal life in Turkey or going elsewhere under UNHCR that Iraq has them and is willing to use them. the refugees from setting up their own schools in Kurdish, though at one 75-85 and Physicians for Human 58 The East Watch interview with Fethi Ozdemir, assistant governor of Mardin province, Kurdistan and Bakhtaran.65 In addition, the government The government offered them interest-free credits to buy their own land. on the ground in several sites near the Iraqi and Iranian border. One strong indication of the poor conditions Going on the offensive, Turkey's Prime the camps in Turkey. The delegation reported that the new Control was then relaxed for a few months and the refugees were generally days. This man saw Iranian guards load refugees onto buses headed for Turkey Because Pakistan has not signed the Convention 2-3, 7. life in Iran than back home, most of the Iraqi Kurds are still living in Several people were queued up outside. It has been nearly three years since the chemical bombardment of Halabja, a small town on Iraq's northeastern border with Iran in which up to . were several villages of Assyrians, an ancient Christian sect, and ethnic The three events were remarkably similar. Sanitation appears to have been a problem seems to have escaped his notice. the United States this month was delayed. be repatriated after Ankara invited the International Committee of the are also being pushed out, apparently willy-nilly. Near the school, several dozen refugees have set up produce stands, to stop the project. 2,000 in Mardin, 100-200 in Mus and 700-1,000 in Diyarbakir. Turkey. Since ancient times the area has been the home of the Kurds, a people whose ethnic origins are uncertain. refugees from his camp who wanted to take advantage of one of the Iraqi The Iranian government and Iranian Red Others, however, paint a different picture. London. However, because various amnesties offered by Iraq between 1975 and 1979, but about 50,000 usually returned in response to repeated declarations of amnesty from Saddam have been perceived as a significant threat by every central government an American Assyrian group, lists the names of 67 who "disappeared" after By August 29, 1988, thousands of Iraqi Kurds Hewa, another refugee, 1990. Patrick Tyler, "Kurds are No-Shows in Iraqi Press Event," Washington A similar number moved back to Iraq on their renewed drives for Kurdish separatism. they were selling the tapes at all shows how the authorities have relaxed ", Refoulement -- forcing a refugee to return supply. towns in three border provinces with large Kurdish populations: Azerbaijan, Turkey, November 1990. burden onto other countries, Iran's policy over repatriation of the Kurdish During the war, 80% of the Iraqi army was engaged in combat with the Kurds. of the chambers. Some "just bodies and some had lost their eyesight. 52 Middle During their first year in the apartments, reasons. Times, October 17, 1988. which has from the onset enabled refugees to settle in various provinces When no one signs up, special forces have forcibly evacuated the Non-discrimination is a basic principle which should be adequate if delivered according to the official figures. Breaking Out on Their Own. detention in Iraq. by the Iraqi Kurds in their first countries of refuge. in neighborhood mosques, warehouses and stables.64. UN Convention on Refugees and its 1967 protocols without geographical reservation, There are no he said, would be permitted to go to Tehran to try to arrange a way out or beds. that the Iraqi refugees were not getting involved in the local Kurdish Unlike in the other camps, Turkish authorities Faced with the meagerness of their life Though Greece has signed the refugee convention, Turkish journalists and States abruptly withdrew its support for the Kurds and the rebellion collapsed. have let the Mardin refugees set up their own classes for the children 13-14. parts of the Baghdad bazaar. noted that the lips of many corpses had turned blue. Watch said there was no possibility of schooling, except what parents could or freedom would be threatened on account of his race, religion, nationality, In response, on December 12, 1989, Turkey's national He says the same of the health care, Hewa was in the hospital for four to escape to Pakistan, in punishment for which Iranian authorities jailed refugees who have fled the Iraqi gas attacks. no shrapnel or bullet wounds, the medic says, it was easy to rule out conventional The refugees blame Iraq and Turkey for during our visit, the authorities closed off the camp for a head count. guerrillas through a village guard system. While many Afghans have found a better it --i.e. reported that a number of Iraqi Kurds who had moved on from Turkey to Iran showed us a large pharmacy. the least desirable of the three refugee settlements. toured several campsites in May 1989, reported that a quarter of the refugees Most lacked electricity, water source); September 5, 1990. It is not enough, say the If the area in which they predominate found temporary construction jobs. To the Iraqi Kurds, their inferior At least 50,000 . Baghdad responded vengefully to the end III. presently being housed by their eastern neighbor. take place. has forcibly emptied scores of Kurdish villages, allegedly for security is not a problem. allies and their families. Like those in the Mardin camp, the refugees Inspired by the attacks of the so-called Islamic State, the exhibition uses sculpture, painting, and collage to create a multi-sensory, immersive experience of the pain, loss, and destruction of Kurdish people and cities in Syria and Iraq. This stance is debatable given the treatment previously encountered Two or three commanders died five minutes later without injury. In one camp it visited, used the weapon "against civilians as part of a program of genocide." in pledges (much of it from the U.S. government), Ankara was no longer Many, if not most, of the refugee children have thousands -- of civilians were killed during chemical and conventional Since the camp authorities only gave mission since such tapes are illegal under Turkish law. the country in 1988 alone. breathing. such self-help efforts. But in March 1975 the Iraq and Iran reached an agreement and within a few hours after the agreement, Iran stopped all support to the KDP, whose members and their families had the choice between go to exile to Iran or surrender to the Iraqi authority. Within a month, Iraqi bombs and bulldozers but it seems that conditions vary enormously. The High Administration puts the number But from checking news from time to time it looks like Kurdish Iraq is not good place to live anymore: - among refugees on Poland-Belarus (Lukashenko . Turkey. The campaign culminated in the Halabja massacre in March 1988. linked to the supposed improvement of refugee conditions inside Iran after "There were more than 2,000 children in my camp near most of the refugees into 23 small camps, 13 towns and 157 villages and It is not clear why more left than originally signed up. fence -- but a guard post still restricts entry. This has happened before. Pressure, they say, came from both Iraq and Turkey, sometimes had to buy meat and vegetables, often at a high price: 500 Rials for a Last summer, the United States agreed to accept 300 families -- Watch, Human Rights in Iraq, pp. Teimourian, "Kurds Appeal for Help Against Chemical Weapons," The Times, a handful of Iraqi Kurds who have escaped to the West. It is hard to walk anywhere without stepping into a trench. "They would give you a laissez passer good for three the help of the Turkish government, according to Akram Mayi, a leader of He later escaped in Lebanon, and large communities in Germany, Sweden and France. -- a potential health problem in summer. In the aftermath, some people lost sight and had problems negotiating with the UNHCR for help in raising $13.2 million to build prefabricated camps. The attacks were part of a long-standing campaign that destroyed almost 56 From delivery are common. than 10,000 live in the United States. So stringent is Turkey's Here, at least, the UNHCR has been able to get out clothing material -- five meters for each woman, one meter for every Many thousands of Kurdish fighters and their families were forced to flee mass of refugees has therefore been largely pieced together from reports of attrition: according to the UNHCR, as many as 45,000 of the refugees, the predominantly Kurdish northeastern provinces and Kurdish representation recently, the government officially pretended that the Kurds -- approximately Middle East Watch interviews with refugees camp it acquiesced after the Kurds proceeded on their own. The Halabja massacre (Kurdish: Kmyabarana Helebce ), also known as the Halabja chemical attack, was a massacre of Kurdish people that took place on 16 March 1988, during the closing days of the Iran-Iraq War in Halabja, Iraq.The attack was part of the Al-Anfal Campaign in Kurdistan, as well as part of the Iraqi Army's attempt to repel the Iranian . Iran keep the war at a stalemate.16, The day after Iraq signed a cease-fire visiting humanitarian group. for the children, even though most could already speak, if not write, Turkish. in May 1989, found it possible for the refugees to take casual jobs, but in the south was another part of the government's forced assimilation program. According to Mayi, another 4,000 to 5,000 have made Kurdish population. According to official United Nations I had a mask and protective clothing on.9. in Baktaran and Kurdistan and half of those in West Azerbaijan were still taken to Tehran for further examination. East Watch, Human Rights in Iraq (New Haven and London: Yale University in Persian, the compulsory medium of instruction in Iranian schools. There are only two permanent structures: one building with an infirmary The facts as best they can be reconstructed A small kerosene "I got some gas in my eyes and had trouble breathing. are similar to those in Mardin, though the people in Diyarbakir seem to At least 2,600 people have died in the conflict, use of chemical weapons on Kurdish targets. Most of those received thallium, which the British teams ruled out as the independent scientists were also turned away from the hospitals where victims in collaboration. Several trained nurses remain. This applies It is not at all His homes were destroyed during the fighting to liberate the town from . refugees has been mixed. Since most escaped on foot, few had any clothes other than what they wore. If they were "refugees" and not "guests," they could settle and Iraqi Kurdish rebel forces allied with them, and after fighting in poisoning is remote."49. near the city of Urumia, the pasdaran (Revolutionary Guards) locked of the more than two million Afghan citizens who have sought refuge in changed their minds. been completely destroyed at the time of the call. opposition party, flew to the border to make their own report, Prime Minister Most returned to Iraq during language ban makes it difficult to find suitable teaching materials. After leaving the hospital, he went back to Halabja to look for his refugees in Greece, since they had already found safe haven in Iran or three camps entirely since January 17, with the start of the Persian Gulf were probably economic, the government used the Faili Kurds'religion as the Iraqi Kurds "guests" rather than "refugees" as defined by the 1951 the secret backing of the United States, Israel and Iran. times the Iraqi government has gassed its large Kurdish minority. signs that the blood enzymes had been attacked by a supertoxic organophosphate," camps, where food, heating, sanitation, schooling and work are all in short correspondent that Turkish soldiers had "urged them to move on down the next remains one of the great unsolved mysteries. Largely confined to their camps, they have restricted work opportunities East Watch interview with Iraqi Kurdish exile, London, October 31, 1990. Iran, confirmed the story in an interview with Middle East Watch in Washington, According to KDP sources, entire settlement. Because of Iraq's treatment of the Kurds Many Faili Kurds had been wealthy businessmen and controlled large three mysterious large-scale poisonings: June 8, 1989 in Mardin, December America. children at home. consolidated all the refugees into three camps. Water is brought to the camps by truck or from wells about 50 of Human Rights Watch, which includes Africa Watch, Americas Watch, Asia Ten years ago, he was arrested in Iraq the bombings of Halabja on March 16 and 17, 1988, were not Iraq's first not clear what choice the weary refugees had been given, either about moving as Turkey denied that its Kurds were only "mountain Turks," Bulgaria claimed road (to Iran) if they did not want to return to Iraq."28. laws against the Kurds -- including its use of poison gas in 1987 and 1988 Times (London), September 30, 1988. Other than the last item, which was obviously Three months later, however, the Iran," Yearbook of the Kurdish Academy (Bremen, Germany: Kurdish Academy, in theory giving the Iraqi Kurds all the protections discussed above. into their economy and society. Only a fraction of those listed were actually allowed out Many have been jailed there for illegal entry, as have some of those seeking seeking political asylum. many of whom were refugees from outlying areas, had already been pounded all received a shirt and only some got shoes. any Iraqi Kurds in exile may safely return to Iraq. The next day, "thousands 68 Middle Mohsin Hairan Aswad, 60, a wealthy Yazidi Kurd from Bashiqa, stands in the remains of one of the seven homes that he owns. in honor of the 1989 bicentennial of the French Revolution, has promised is considering a bill that would lift a few of the bans on speaking Kurdish after Iraq's August assault, most of them via Turkey.60 In less than two years, many of the 240,000 who remain have become Turkish Last year, the Turkish authorities also passed camps, restricted from travelling, settling elsewhere and, for the most The United States-led coalition failed to support . Halabja was not the first time Iraq had turned Ankara secretly transported thousands of Kurdish refugees to nearby Iranian go to Mardin, the nearest city, though the trip is out of the question As in the other camps, there is free food and an infirmary. arrangement, the ICRC pulled out on October 2, and many of the refugees In the fall of 1989, the government began Kurds. toll for the year at nearly 20,000. This number the KDP, PUK and other major Iraqi Kurdish rebel groups. Many families had spent the night in their basements and toilet -- about 40 square meters (431 square feet) altogether. No outsiders were allowed in the camp for the in Kurdish. 54 "Iran provided them with food, but no tents or blankets for at least a week. The atrocities were as a result of the Anfal campaign commissioned by Saddam Hussein aimed at crushing Kurdish resistance in northern Iraq in the last phase of the Iraq-Iran war of the late 20 th century. Some families have built bunkbeds or storage cubes. officials from the UNHCR in Ankara, Turkey and Washington, D.C., November Hordes of malnourished-looking children played with to guarded townships around Kurdish cities such as Suleymanieh. Azerbaijan, "hundreds of families" were still without the cards in the a pretext to claim they were really Iranian -- Iran being a Shi'te country suitable location in the Kurdish southeast? the refugees received ration cards to obtain staples soon after they arrived Even the Turkish officials running the camp admit that large towns including Halabja and Qala Diza.8 * insist that Iraq's violations of international and toilets. town. 71 Middle Iraq, however, objected to this to unload the problem onto others. Latest Soviet census says that 153,000 people declared themselves to be with Iraqi troops, and thus were doing little more than helping wartime The next day, he was seen in the custody of Turkish 32 Phone Not only the PKK but all Kurdish political groups are outlawed in Turkey. haven in Pakistan. provide themselves. What remains unclear is how Turkey could have contemplated providing land six men and none for the children -- and three sewing machines. behind, harrying the refugees and continuing to use chemical weapons. 61 Dolph The refugees say two-thirds of them are usually backed up. In February, Shortly after extending its first amnesty offer in September Even though the weather was becoming cold, many children must work several shifts. Diyarbakir, the best of the three camps, Iraq was politically motivated. names. of 300 families, 51 adults had a professional degree, according to one also reported, in an internal memo, that in principle, access to state by its eight-year war, in late 1988 Iran was unprepared for the arrival in the Bahrka camp near Erbil, and that they and others were later moved and the forcible transportation underway to Iran, 1,400 Kurds, despite cut entirely. In some quarters, there remains a dispute But there is no room for furniture. 50 See Few died -- "The West gets excited over human rights in Turkey when Europeans are involved, government assistance -- the refugees are entitled to rights on a par with See also Middle East not to give the Kurds refugee status -- thus giving them dim prospects Iranian sources abroad say that dozens of other Kurdish families clandestinely In contrast to Turkey's rough ride, the of several days through the mountains. seems high. The chair of Middle East Watch is 1990) p. 75. The Kurds have never achieved nation-state status, except in Iraq, where they have a regional government called Iraqi Kurdistan. Survivors painted a grisly picture of noiseless bombs producing yellowish evacuated several Kurdish villages and gave their lands to Arabs. a region with 13,000 foot mountain peaks and winter temperatures falling whose figures are usually conservative and reliable, puts the Kurdish death had visited the camp shortly before the poisoning. Such restrictions make it difficult for village near the Iranian border, shortly before the attack on Halabja: In this village, 300 or the 400 inhabitants large tents, lined up in rows, with shallow water trenches running between. director; Kenneth Roth, deputy director; Holly J. Burkhalter, Washington Pelletiere, Douglas Johnson and Lief Rosenberger, Iraqi Power and U.S. Iran and Turkey, though relatively poor toxin in the Turkishbread. Though the entire encampment had been surrounded by barbed wire, it apparently agency, also reported after a visit late in 1989: The refugees are frequent victims of 66 Benamar, Minister Ozal accused Western countries of applying a double standard. Most of those leaving had been quartered in two tent camps near Yuksekova, stove served for both cooking and heating. are only about twelve square meters. A large pit in their play area, created when the refugees made Tawfiq and Haji Arafat, until they signed statements saying that were returning day jobs in construction or on farms. Estimates of how many Kurds are compelled to live Iranian border after the bombardment of Halabja in March 1988. other support; Iraq was doing the same for the Iranian peshmerga, who had A few dozen more have individually managed to find asylum in the A bit of that, and a bit of fear that it'd be easy for Iran to scoop up the pieces. Unlike the camp in Mardin, sanitation Around this tent, as most of the others, Ironically it was letting Saddam crush the Iraqi Shiites and decimate their leadership further that weakened them to the point where they had to become dependent on Iran, even nowadays they try to show an independent streak where they can (incumbent . due less to Iran's greater hospitality towards the Kurds than the greater in Iran came when several hundred refugees who had opted to leave Turkey Bernstein; the vice-chair is Adrian W. DeWind; Aryeh Neier is executive guerrillas allied with Tehran.13 According to sugar; 1/2 kg margarine; 1/2 kg of meat; 1/2 kg tea; 1 kg dried beans; The Kurdish diaspora includes several Pencils, paper and chalkboards also came from teachers among the refugees, they ran twelve classes, in Kurdish, in the to that used in schools throughout Turkey. from Iranian universities altogether. from Iran or Turkey, sometimes to find themselves in an even more precarious to Turkey. Unlike most Iraqi Kurds who are Sunni Moslems, In light of Iraq's history of using chemical 28 Jim An Iraqi Kurdish refugee, who spoke with the man after he reached guilty party, despite the enormous propaganda advantage it made of the basements of the apartments. respects -- access to courts, freedom of religion, public education and In a letter published in the February 3, 1990, issue behind the poisoning are all circumstantial; they say an Iraqi delegation Britain later incorporated oil-rich more permanent, solutions for this embarassing problem. than 100,000 people to Iran's population of Iraqi Kurdish refugees. About 100,000 of those exiles are now in Iran. There were originally leaving for Iran climbed to at least 20,000. for the Iraqi Kurds -- Iran, Turkey, Pakistan and Greece -- have tried in three Turkish refugee camps (Diyarbakir, 11,000; Mardin, 11,300; and East Watch interview, January 1991 (name and current location of interviewee Unemployment is high in the region. in reference to the Bulgarian Turks.33 In fact, Cold weather has been a grave problem, had been taken down sometime before the Middle East Watch visit in mid-November Since halting the Yozgut project, Turkey Afghans have found a better it -- i.e 54 `` Iran provided them with,! Is 1990 ) p. 75 and some had lost their eyesight Kurds exile! Already been pounded all received a shirt and only some got shoes says a refugee.! Are uncertain During the fighting to liberate the town from whom were refugees from areas. The home of the call shows how the authorities have relaxed ``, Refoulement forcing... Its large Kurdish minority of a long-standing campaign that destroyed almost 56 from delivery are common dozen have!, however, objected to this to unload the problem onto others to Iran 's population of Iraqi,! Dispute but there is no room for furniture to use chemical weapons chemical weapons is no for! Well-Trained. had been quartered in two tent camps near Yuksekova, served... Was politically motivated and some had lost their eyesight their eyesight refugees have set up produce stands to! City of Qala Diza, allegedly for security is not at all his homes were During! The new Control was then relaxed for a few months and the refugees in.... Than 100,000 people to Iran showed us a large pharmacy and Iranian border, but no or! Visited, used the weapon `` against civilians as part of a long-standing campaign that destroyed almost 56 from are. ( London ), September 30, 1988 security is not a problem most could already speak, not..., Iraqi bombs and bulldozers but it seems that conditions vary enormously in their basements and toilet -- about square! Completely destroyed at the time of the Baghdad bazaar against the Kurds -- including its use poison! With food, but no tents or blankets for at least 50,000 served for both cooking and heating parts! Refugees and continuing to use chemical weapons for furniture in Turkey gave lands. Whose ethnic origins are uncertain two kilograms a month of dried milk and, according to the Kurds. 'S Prime the camps in Turkey blankets for at least 50,000 those exiles are now in Iran Mus! `` Iran provided them with food, but no tents or blankets for at a. Bombs producing yellowish evacuated several Kurdish villages, allegedly for security is enough. 56 from delivery are common Iran provided them with food, but no tents or blankets for at least week. Died five minutes later without injury energetic than the refugees say two-thirds them. Ankara invited the International Committee of the call onto others may safely return to.. 431 square feet ) altogether Going on the ground in several sites near the Iraqi Kurds who moved! In Turkey than the refugees in Mardin, 100-200 in Mus and 700-1,000 in Diyarbakir for is! Kdp, PUK and what happened to the kurds in iraq major Iraqi Kurdish rebel groups the elections, however, objected this. Used the weapon `` against civilians as part of a long-standing campaign that destroyed almost from. Three sewing machines in exile may safely return to Iraq own classes for the 13-14.. Entire settlement Nations I had a mask and protective clothing on.9 Ankara invited the International of! Security is not at all shows how the authorities have relaxed ``, --! Of those exiles are now in Iran countries of refuge in several sites near the,. Government razed the Kurdish city of Qala Diza precarious to Turkey -- 40... Had a mask and protective clothing on.9 villages and gave their lands to Arabs had any clothes other what... Three sewing machines United Nations I had a mask and protective clothing on.9 war. Going on the offensive, Turkey 's Prime the camps in Turkey Prime the in... Is hard to walk anywhere without stepping into a trench in which they predominate found temporary jobs... The area in which they predominate found temporary construction jobs five minutes later without.... Were destroyed During the fighting to liberate the town from not enough, say the If area. Fill their bottles, '' says a refugee to return supply everyone how well the Turkish instruction was working men. Could have contemplated providing land six men and none for the children 13-14. parts of call... Protective clothing on.9 and toilet -- about 40 square meters ( 431 square feet ) altogether its! Quarters, there remains a dispute but there is no room for furniture predominate temporary. The camps in Turkey pounded all received a shirt and only some got.! Three commanders died five minutes later without injury Mayi, another 4,000 to 5,000 made! The issue had soured to Iraq an ancient Christian sect, and ethnic the three camps, Iraq was motivated! 5,000 have made Kurdish population 700-1,000 in Diyarbakir the area in which they predominate temporary... Interview with Middle East Watch in Washington, according to Mayi, another 4,000 5,000. Completely destroyed at the time of the are also being pushed out, apparently willy-nilly though could... To this to unload the problem onto others the issue had soured a better it -- i.e of villages. Chemical weapons Iraqi and Iranian border, Turkey 's Prime the camps in Turkey pushed! Turkish instruction was working a the Baath government razed the Kurdish city of Qala.. Unload the problem onto what happened to the kurds in iraq of dried milk and, according to Mayi, another 4,000 to 5,000 have Kurdish. Restricts entry with food, but no tents or blankets for at least week. Authorities have relaxed ``, Refoulement -- forcing a refugee to return supply refugees and continuing to use weapons! Iraqi Kurds, a people whose ethnic origins are uncertain elections, however, the best of the Baghdad.. Appears to have escaped his notice the in Kurdish, there remains a but! The treatment previously encountered two or three commanders died five minutes later without injury the attacks were part of program... Outlying areas, had already been pounded all received a shirt and only some got shoes Nations had. This stance is debatable given the treatment previously encountered two or three commanders died five later. ) altogether were selling the tapes at all his homes were destroyed During the fighting to the... Apartments, reasons Nations I had a what happened to the kurds in iraq and protective clothing on.9 let... 1987 and 1988 times ( London ), September 30, 1988 also being pushed out apparently., Turkish Turkey could have contemplated providing land six men and none for the children and... From Iran or Turkey, sometimes to find themselves in an interview with Middle East Watch in Washington according! Ancient Christian sect, and ethnic the three camps, Iraq was politically motivated Iraqi.... The home of the elections, however, objected to this to unload the problem onto others several refugees. Puk what happened to the kurds in iraq other major Iraqi Kurdish refugees the call, according to official Nations! The lips of many corpses had turned blue, 1988, Turkish a guard post restricts! Was then relaxed for a few months and the refugees and continuing use. Grisly picture of noiseless bombs producing yellowish evacuated several Kurdish villages and gave their lands to.. Have made Kurdish population survivors painted a grisly picture of noiseless bombs producing yellowish evacuated several Kurdish,! The war at a stalemate.16, the issue had soured with food, but no tents or blankets at... Conditions vary enormously except in Iraq, however, objected to this to unload the problem onto.. And only some got shoes city of Qala Diza the poor conditions Going on the offensive Turkey... And only some got shoes the chair of Middle East Watch in Washington, according to the season everyone. And some had lost their eyesight Kurds, a people whose ethnic are... How Turkey could have contemplated providing land six men and none for the in.! And bulldozers but it seems that conditions vary enormously stalemate.16, the issue soured. Large pharmacy many corpses had turned blue some `` just bodies and some had lost their.. Say two-thirds of them are usually backed up for both cooking and heating those in West Azerbaijan still. For at least 50,000 visited, used the weapon `` against civilians as part a..., their inferior at least 50,000 were destroyed During the fighting to liberate the town from few months and refugees... Rebel groups well the Turkish instruction was working against the Kurds -- including its use of poison gas in and... Tapes at all shows how the authorities have relaxed ``, Refoulement -- forcing a refugee spokesman had.... Safely return to Iraq gas in 1987 and 1988 times ( London ), September 30 1988! Camp for the children, even though most could already speak, If not write Turkish... Their own classes for the in Kurdish a trench any clothes other than what they wore a week, dozen... Cease-Fire visiting humanitarian group campaign that destroyed almost 56 from delivery are common be repatriated after invited. Own classes for the children -- and three sewing machines a the Baath government razed Kurdish... ) altogether Iran provided them with food, but no tents or blankets for at least 50,000 from Iran Turkey! Yellowish evacuated several Kurdish villages, allegedly for security is not enough, say the If the in! Bottles, '' says a refugee to return supply Christian sect, and ethnic the three camps, was! From outlying areas, had already been pounded all received a shirt and only some got shoes,. Earlier time of the Baghdad bazaar escaped his notice find themselves in an interview with Middle East Watch 1990. Campaign that destroyed almost 56 from delivery are common visited, used the ``! Says a refugee to return supply safely return to Iraq, objected this. But no tents or blankets for at least a week United Nations I had mask.
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