He was assigned to Fort Benning in neighboring Georgia, where he would join the 24th Infantry Regiment, one of the first all-black military units, organized after the Civil War. The lynch mob killings and legal lynching executions served to send notice to African Americans and any potential white allies that any attempt to challenge the . This advertisement has not loaded yet, but your article continues below. His father moved to Montgomery to find work, leaving Hall and his two brothers to be raised by their grandmother, still remembered in the town as a small, well-loved woman full of energy. The authorities lied about it, and the newspapers remained silent. A month later, in a letter to the War Department, Daniels wrote that the delay in any report on secret hearings about a homicide, lynching, or suicide (whichever it was) seems to me pretty bad. Sergeant WILLIAMS knew of no trouble in which HALL had been involved, and knew no one that disliked [the] victim.. His name was William Bell, and according to the national museum that has memorialized 4,400 victims of lynchings that took place between 1877 and 1950 the 33-year-old, married, African . It is shocking to many viewers to see that the lynchers and spectators are often smiling and celebrating as if they were at a picnic or bringing home a hunting trophy. But nearly a month after Hall vanished, he was declared a deserter. The elevator man handed his leaflet to Walter White, the executive secretary of the NAACP. As my memory has it, he got other men to go to the site, Follett said. His feet, bound with baling wire, were attached by a second rope to three other saplings, and his hands were tied behind him. But the earth was soft and loose and ultimately not enough to support his weight. On the afternoon of May 15, 1916, renowned Waco photographer Fred Gildersleeve set up his box camera on the second floor of City Hall . I remember the professors I thought of as friends 40+ years ago and . The soldiers mother handed his letter over to her local NAACP chapter in Ohio, whose director sent it on to New York. On May 19, 1955, the day after the FBI lab issued their findings, the Coroner's Jury came to the decision that Rev. Lynchings were less common in northeast Georgia and along the coast. I began to smell the odor of something dead, Pvt. Lynching escalated during the 1920s and Texas ranked third among states between the years 1885 and 1942 with approximately 468, including 339 blacks. Hall started looking into lynching in 2000, when he worked on his master's degree from Virginia Commonwealth University. CNN . Then, while he still had breath, he desperately scraped dirt loose from the ravine wall, trying to scoop out enough of the sienna-coloured earth to build up a mound beneath his feet that he could stand on to take the strain from his neck, the FBI would later report. Daniels was white, and a segregationist, but he vigorously opposed lynching and added his voice to those insisting on a sincere investigation into Halls killing. The . He seemed happy in the Army and swept up with his social life. According to the FBI case . DeSantis slaps Disney just before launching new book. A lynching is the public killing of an individual who has not received any due process. But the War Department, alongside the American Red Cross, thwarted even his effort to integrate the blood at blood banks. Whatever happened, he would have done absolutely what the law required.. He walks with a cane. The second suspect was Sgt. He said that he couldnt remember the last date he had seen Hall at work, that hed never argued with a black soldier and that he did not manage black soldiers. Willie Ellison reported to the FBI that hed heard from two people that Smith had threatened to kill Hall if he did not call him Sir. According to Sgt. We fell for the gimmick OXO to the rescue, 365 Bloor Street East, Toronto, Ontario, M4W 3L4. His lynching was an inconvenient reminder of violence against black servicemen at a time when the military was working hard to recruit young men of all races for a looming war. By then, Halls company of African Americans had long since shipped overseas to the Pacific and gone to war. Hall parted ways with his friends because he said he was going to go to the Post Exchange, the only PX for black people. In the collages below, the images of the victims have been removed. One week later, he had a routine physical exam at Fort Benning. The headline read, Negro Soldier Killed by Lynchers.. She told me, Baby Jim, dont hang around with that white boy, because youll get in trouble, he recounted. When the shift ended, he told two friends he was heading to the post exchange the only one for blacks on the segregated base where he could order a hot meal and eat it at the counter. Back in 1941, the word at Fort Benning was that Hall had his eyes on a white woman and was killed for it. On maps, Lee Hall is often notated as Rudolph E. Lee Gallery, which is an art gallery housed in Lee I. Lee I is the original building built in 1958; Lee II was added in the 1970s and 90s, and Lee III opened in 2012. He turned 19 on Jan. 1. Several named Smith, but none claimed to have witnessed the encounter. From the position of the body and the location in which it was found, the FBI report said, it does not appear that one man could have committed the crime.. At bugle call the next morning, for the first time during his military service, Hall did not report for duty. Souvenir Postcard of Lee Hall, lynched in a trash dump in Wrightsville, Georgia. Then, while he still had breath, he desperately scraped dirt loose from the ravine wall, trying to scoop out enough of the sienna-colored earth to build up a mound beneath his feet that he could stand on to take the strain from his neck, the FBI would later report. He had two cousins on the base, and his best friend from home, who enlisted the day after he did, slept in a nearby bunk. At Fort Benning, he was training for the possibility of fighting overseas in a unit of African American soldiers. When Fenderson was 15, his mother warned him against becoming too friendly with a white boy in Millbrook and used Halls death as a life lesson. The royalty of black Harlem W.E.B. Felix Hall was strung up in a jack-knife position in a shallow ravine. When scary things happened, they were hushed up.. An appeal of this redaction was rejected by the FBI earlier this year. But over the following months and years, the government released only a fraction of its findings. We can assume that they are trying to cut him down. When Fenderson was 15, his mother warned him against becoming too friendly with a white boy in Millbrook and used Halls death as a life lesson. Over the summer months, members of the public had been writing to the White House, the War Department and Fort Benning demanding that Halls killers be found. The Statesboro-Bulloch Remembrance Coalition has asked Statesboro's mayor and council for permission to erect a marker next to City Hall . Pvt. Hall succeeded in kicking loose his legs and freeing his left hand. The post exchange was within clear sight of the sawmill, but Hall never made it. Scotts work has also been displayed in Albuquerque and Santa Fe, Up-State New York, Providence, and Minneapolis. But he denied that he sat outside waiting for one, and he denied having any involvement in Halls death. White also began exchanging letters with Jonathan Daniels, who was editor in chief of the Raleigh News & Observer in North Carolina and later served as Roosevelts press secretary. Decades after the killing, Halls relatives still talk about his reputation as a bit of a Romeo. Hall was 18 years old, 5-foot-8 and 130 pounds when he went to the recruiting station in Montgomery in August 1940 to enlist in the Army. He wasnt afraid of anything.. The young man's fist is clenched, the girl's face is stricken. Finding Mr. Fenderson: A behind-the-scenes look at the author's search for the family of a murdered African American soldier and the journey it took through Americas troubled past. A black soldier had written home to his mother the day after it was found. They tried to claim he hung himself, the soldier wrote. Felix Hall, the victim of a violent lynching 75 years ago the FBI never solved and the agency is still redacting documents related to the case Author of the article . Visit our Community Guidelines for more information and details on how to adjust your email settings. Whatever happened, he would have done absolutely what the law required.. Walter White, the executive secretary of the NAACP at the time, was one of the people who received a flier in April 1941 with news about the lynching of Pvt. Halls lynching initially prompted a burst of publicity around the country. But the War Department, alongside the American Red Cross, thwarted even his effort to integrate the blood at blood banks. In the reports compiled by the FBI and the War Department, there is no record of investigators asking Halls friends and cousins whether they had looked for him after he disappeared or whether they suspected foul play. Regardless, Cory said . Even today, the FBI continues to redact a key part of the 75-year-old report. I want to move you, the viewer, beyond typical politically correct thoughts and feelings about race and race relations. In his journal, he kept a list of every girl he was sweet on. In their investigations, the FBI and the War Department failed to obtain and in some cases ignored critical information about the crime. She recalled that she and her older sister had listened through their bedroom wall to their parents as they talked over what they should do. By continuing to use our site, you agree to our Terms of Service and Privacy Policy. Felix Hall earlier that year. Florence Cotton lived at 742 North McDonough Street, Montgomery. Last week, police found a 17-year-old Black boy hanging from a tree in an . She recalled that she and her older sister had listened through their bedroom wall to their parents as they talked over what they should do. Transcribed by lhn; HTML editing by Tod Roberts. The elevator man handed his leaflet to Walter White, the executive secretary of the NAACP. Both the sawmill manager and clerk concurred with Smiths account. Please try again. First, there must Although revised and . No other suspects were seriously considered by the FBI, records show. Both men lived in Block W, where Hall was last seen alive. Seventy-five years after Halls life was cut short, Americans are wrestling again with questions about the value placed on the lives of young black men and the ability of the criminal justice system to transcend its historic double standard. As the months passed and accounts mounted of other black soldiers being beaten or shot on military bases, Hastie grew increasingly frustrated. Freedom-Lovers' Pledge. Why was he afraid? James Fenderson, 80, was 6 when his cousin Felix Hall was lynched. He is perhaps most associated with the film Billy Elliot (2000), for which he wrote the screenplay, and with Spoonface Steinberg (1997), written for radio and later adapted for the stage. Halls case may be cold, but it still resonates. If lynching was a national crime, it was a southern obsession. Fenderson left Alabama a year later, at 16. I was afraid the people were going to lynch me, too, he said. White wrote to President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson, rebuking them for the suggestion that Halls death was a suicide and demanding an investigation. She added: If a group got together, he would have been right in the middle of it saying, Lets go. Commercial promotions, impersonations, and incoherent comments likewise fail to meet our goals, so will not be posted. Decades after the killing, Halls relatives still talk about his reputation as a bit of a Romeo. lynching, a form of violence in which a mob, under the pretext of administering justice without trial, executes a presumed offender, often after inflicting torture and corporal mutilation. It was early in 1941, eight months before Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, and with World War II already raging overseas, the United States was recruiting young men to serve their country. The Waco Horror: Grisly 1916 lynching still overshadows city. Today's news and culture by Black and other reporters in the Black and mainstream media. Hall is last seen alive, by a person unnamed in the FBIs report, in Block W, which was a white neighborhood. Residents of the post often hunted in the woods for food or sport. The United States formally entered World War I in April 1917, and by October, 21-year-old . Hall went home to Alabama for Christmas in 1940. On a sunny, balmy afternoon last winter, he walked out to the section of the railroad his elders had long ago taught him to avoid. Even today, the FBI continues to redact a key part of the 75-year-old report. He got the dirt up to the arches of his dangling feet. A black soldier had written home to his mother the day after it was found. According to the FBI, Hall was last seen alive in the vicinity of Hodgess house. His death certificate does not say where he was buried. She moved to Chicago in 1997 and taught printmaking at the Art Institute of Chicago and figure drawing in their Continuing Education Department. My grandfather said Felix was a ladys man, Thomas recounted in an interview. Hall succeeded in kicking loose his legs and freeing his left hand. Now 87, Follett is a retired social worker with short white hair and pale blue eyes. Room numbers in Lee indicate which part of the building the room is located. Above: Portraits of soldiers in the 24th Infantry Regiment, Company E, before they shipped overseas to fight in the Pacific. His cousin James Fenderson was only six when Hall died but grew up hearing that Hall had flirted across the colour line, which could easily get a black man lynched in the South. digitized with permission of the Kansas State Historical Society. His father moved to Montgomery to find work, leaving Hall and his two brothers to be raised by their grandmother, still remembered in the town as a small, well-loved woman full of energy. Halls family and friends nicknamed him Poss.. Months after Hall disappeared, the FBI interviewed Sgt. There is no known photo of Hall taken when he was alive. My sister said and she got around the neighborhood more that the neighbors said they werent supposed to talk about it, Follett said. He tapped his cane against the rails as he thought back about his cousin. Yet for the next four months, the War Department and authorities at Fort Benning told the public that they were investigating the possibility that Halls death was a suicide. On November 4, 1933, over two years after the murder of the Davis Family, Euel Lee was executed in Baltimore, MD. Kevin Lee Updated Mar. By all accounts, Hall loved those initial months away from home. In the various reports, correspondence, lab results and photographs that make up this file, there is no record that anyone on base went looking for Hall when he disappeared. He is the negro who attempted an assault on Mrs. H. H. Diefenbach, a Chesapeake & Ohio operator at Sandstone, seven miles west of this city, Wednesday. This show will take you on an epic, unexpected American exploration of family, history and cultural identity. I said, What do you mean, Mama, Ill get in trouble? , She said, You dont know what happened to Poss. , I said, Lynched? I said, Whats that? . Yet for the next four months, the War Department and authorities at Fort Benning told the public that they were investigating the possibility that Halls death was a suicide. My current series gives a voice to the voiceless. Felix Hall. My grandfather said Felix was a ladys man, Thomas recounted in an interview. Biography: . His skin was peeling away. She was 12 at the time, a white girl living with her family in the Bradley Area neighbourhood of the post. The term lynch law refers to a self-constituted court that imposes sentence on a person without due process of law. Seventy-five years later, the lynching of a black Army private at U.S. base remains unsolved, Michael Higgins: 'A lot of reason to be afraid,' says censured teacher critical of the woke revolution in classrooms, U.S. border states on alert for wild Canadian 'super pigs' that devour animals and crops, Chinese embassy decries 'baseless' claims Beijing interfered in Canadian elections, Opposition parties plan motion demanding public inquiry on foreign interference, FIRST READING: How China allegedly spent the last 10 years trying to influence Trudeau. Capt. They tried to claim he hung himself, the soldier wrote. I want my paintings to encourage you to look at the worst human brutality imaginable-even if it makes you uncomfortable. Residents of the post often hunted in the woods for food or sport. On Jan. 31 he made his first and only payment, 65 cents, on a life insurance policy. 2023 National Post, a division of Postmedia Network Inc. All rights reserved. According to the official record, Halls decomposing body was discovered by an engineer regiment on a training exercise six weeks after the killing. We encountered an issue signing you up. Felix Hall's body after he was lynched. The FBI continues to withhold this information, citing a legal exemption designed to prevent the disclosure of information that would be considered an unwarranted invasion of personal privacy. 4 p.m.: Hall is last seen alive, by a person unnamed in the FBIs report, in Block W, which was a white neighborhood. James Arthur Perry, also black, heard that Hall was ordered not to return to work. Scott also graduated from the Tamarind Institute of Lithography, Albuquerque, NM, in 1996. Green and his brother-in-law, Sgt. In May 1916, Jesse Washington, a seventeen year old black teenager, was arrested for the killing of Lucy Fryer, a . I said, What do you mean, Mama, Ill get in trouble?, She said, You dont know what happened to Poss., I said, What happened to Poss?, I said, Lynched? I said, Whats that?. Lee Hall was put to death on Thursday evening at Riverbend Maximum Security Institute in Nashville. Crimes of this nature are not only an attack on the victim, but are meant to threaten and intimidate whole communities of people, FBI spokeswoman Samantha T. Shero said in a written statement to The Washington Post. Thomas was lynched on Aug. 8, 1899, at the corner of King and Fairfax streets - 120 years ago today. Photo for The Washington Post by Alexa Mills. He got the dirt up to the arches of his dangling feet. If a Georgia County was as secretive about the investigation of a possible lynching, everybody would say it was a cover up., The War Department remains silent. I wouldnt doubt it. For his thesis, he examined the 50-year period "of absolute madness . Hall, a 19-year-old black man from Alabama, had volunteered just a few months earlier. We can only imagine it. Inscription on reverse in brown ink: "Lee Hall col, lynched Saturday Feb, 7th 1903 about 11 o'clock P.M." Souvenir postcards , which depicted images of lynching, were mailed around the country. He liked to make conversation with everybody, white or black. Willie T. Smith, another black soldier, reported that Hall said that his boss had threatened to strike him and that to defend himself, Hall picked up a cant hook, a long metal pole with a hook at the end used for handling logs. Benjamin Thomas was reportedly 20 years old when he died, but he could have been as young as 16. Fenderson is 80 now and recently survived a stroke, which impairs his speech and balance. Aug. 20, 2021. There had been a number of reports of Peeping Toms turned in to the Provost Marshals office from this area immediately prior to the murdering of the victim, but none were made after his disappearance, an FBI agent reported. In short, the accounts provided by the black soldiers who in the Jim Crow South would ordinarily have been afraid to tell a white investigator anything they knew about the hanging of a black man were simply set aside. A quarter-inch noose, tethered to a sapling on the earthen bank above him, dug into the flesh of his neck. I wouldnt doubt it. My sister said and she got around the neighbourhood more that the neighbours said they werent supposed to talk about it, Follett said. But the earth was soft and loose and ultimately not enough to support his weight. According to the accounts of black soldiers, someone had threatened to kill Hall just a day before he vanished: Henry J. Smith, the white civilian foreman at the sawmill. Hall was 18 years old, 5-foot-8 and 130 pounds when he went to the recruiting station in Montgomery in August 1940 to enlist in the Army. 1 min read. After the "opening" they reviewed the performance. The government did not prosecute either Green or Hodges. Marvin J. Coyle, who as provost marshal was head of the military police at Fort Benning, believed that Hodges had a motive to kill Hall and a reason to commit this crime in the manner in which it was committed, according to the FBI. Both the sawmill manager and clerk concurred with Smiths account. [Curator's note: These postcards, known as "collectibles," are still being sold today in antique stores, rummage sales, and on and offline.]. Hall's best friend, Shepherd L. Jackson, and his cousin Adell Peterson are featured in the book, but Hall died before the photos were taken. In Virginia, the southern state with the fewest lynchings, W. Fitzhugh Brundage found . Inscription on reverse in brown ink: "Lee Hall col, lynched Saturday Feb, 7th 1903 about 11 o'clock P.M." more . The lynching of African Americans during this era was a form of racial terrorism intended to intimidate Black people and enforce racial hierarchy and segregation. Postmedia is committed to maintaining a lively but civil forum for discussion and encourage all readers to share their views on our articles. Felix Hall allegedly had an argument with his boss at the sawmill, where he had been assigned for about one month. The cards are black and white or sepia-toned.1 I believe that the small size of these postcards and their lack of color prevent you, the viewer, from connecting with the victims in the postcards. The bureau rotated at least half a dozen agents through the Hall case. For example, Lee 2-111 (the large auditorium . Notice the family relationships. James Fenderson is probably the last living relative who knew Hall. Lets go. He was a coward. There is no known gravestone for Felix Hall. Museum Community FREE Days: Sat, Feb 25th 10am to 5pm CT & Sun, Feb 26th 12 to 5pm CT Now 87, Follett is a retired social worker with short white hair and pale blue eyes. He wasnt afraid of anything.. While the investigation file takes note of these different accounts, there is no sign that the FBI pursued the information provided by the black soldiers. When he was a teenager, Hall watched his older cousins enlist in the military and leave town to train for war. Thomass grandfather, the family storyteller and comedian, would turn somber every time he talked about Halls brief life. 2Dray Philip, At The Hands of Persons Unknown: Lynching of Black America. I began to smell the odour of something dead, Pvt. At the end of May, Daniels published an article in the Nation criticizing the governments silence regarding Halls death. virtual.museum@abhmuseum.org, ABHM On-Site Updated: Feb 26, 2023 / 09:38 AM EST. Instead, he became the victim of the only known lynching on a U.S. military base in American history. 21, 2021 5:02AM ET F orty years seems like a long time but if Michael Donald hadn't been lynched on March 21, 1981, he wouldn't even . I want to hold your attention there for as long as possible. Click Here To Learn More >. The story of Pvt. I hope your personal reflection will have a lasting impact on the next generation. Lee "died as a result of a hemorrhage and probably asphyxiation from the face . On one page, he declared his love for Miss Ada Mae. White had already received a letter describing the discovery of Halls body. In his journal, he kept a list of every girl he was sweet on. In short, the accounts provided by the black soldiers who in the Jim Crow South would ordinarily have been afraid to tell a white investigator anything they knew about the hanging of a black man were simply set aside. Hastie resigned his post in January 1943. The FBI developed a theory that the two men spent the day drinking at Greens house and captured Hall when he was passing by on his way to the post exchange. One week later, he had a routine physical exam at Fort Benning. The government did not prosecute either Green or Hodges. In these two paintings, a young man and a girl stand on the riverbank. In 2014, Northeastern University Law Schools Civil Rights and Restorative Justice Project, which seeks to uncover details of racially motivated murders during the Jim Crow era, began digging up documents on Halls case. Halls decomposing body was discovered by an engineer Regiment on a training six. People were going to lynch me, too, he kept a list of every girl he was buried middle! Meet our goals, so will not be posted, too, he was buried Alabama, had just... After the killing, Halls relatives still talk about his reputation as a result of a hemorrhage and asphyxiation... 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