Hephaestus was reluctant, believing that Ares would avoid punishment if he were freed. Other "sons of Hephaestus" were the Cabeiri on the island of Samothrace, who were identified with the crab (karkinos) by the lexicographer Hesychius. While he had an involvement with the intrigue and affairs of Olympus, Hephaestus appeared most often in the myths in his role as a smith. Hymnn. In another account, Hephaestus, attempting to rescue his mother from Zeus' advances, was flung down from the heavens by Zeus. He was a smithing god, making all of the weapons for Olympus and acting as a blacksmith for the gods. Originally a deity of Asia Minor and the adjoining islands (in particular Lemnos), Hephaestus had an important place of worship at the Lycian Olympus. He was cast off Mount Olympus by his mother Hera because of his lameness, the result of a congenital impairment; or in another account, by Zeus for protecting Hera from his advances (in which case his lameness would have been the result of his fall rather than the reason for it).[3][4][5]. While Aphrodite and Ares lay together in bed, Hephaestus ensnared them in an unbreakable chain-link net so small as to be invisible and dragged them to Mount Olympus to shame them in front of the other gods for retribution. Rather, attributing a piece to Hephaestus was a comment on its fine craftsmanship and value. Zeus was forced to concede that, under the challenge he had issued, Hephaestus had technically won Aphrodites hand. Hephaestus is the only god who has a major relation to earth, which became his realm, and he thus signifies the divine power that has descended to earth and has become connected with earthly reality. God of fire, metalworking, stone masonry, forges, the art of sculpture, Features within the narrative suggest to Kerenyi and others that it is archaic; the most complete literary account, however, is a late one, in the Roman rhetorician. Accessed March 1, 2023. Pseudo-Apollodorus[70] records an archaic legend, which claims that Hephaestus once attempted to rape Athena, but she pushed him away, causing him to ejaculate on her thigh. One of the three Lemnian tribes also called themselves Hephaestion and claimed direct descent from the god. He came in the guise of friendship, offering Hephaestus some wine and a sympathetic ear. A. M. Harmon (1912) The Paintings of the Grotta Campana. A further development of the later tradition is, that Hephaestus sprang from the thigh of Hera, and, being for a long time kept in ignorance of his parentage, he at length had recourse to a stratagem, for the purpose of finding it out. Rather than a perfectly formed deity like Zeus had created, Hera gave birth to a son with a disability. Whether Poseidon or Aquaman holds the three-pronged spear, it proves to be an incredibly durable and powerful weapon in battle. Like his father, Erichthonius was skilled with metal and inventions. There are three different ways you can cite this article. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. What Were the Hamadryads in Greek Mythology? A net of thin but unbreakable chains fell down on them, trapping them in place. Deor. The image captured is that of an exasperated husband, casting judgment towards his ashamed wife while the other gods looked on from afar and her chosen lover? Home. Arrows of Apollo and Artemis - He made magic arrows for the gods Apollo and Artemis. His cult reached Athens not later than about 600 bce (although it scarcely touched Greece proper) and arrived in Campania not long afterward. Zeus was a god of law and justice, so he would have to obey the words of his order if not the spirit of it. In others, he was not born with his disability. Hephaestus was one of the initial facilities built in Rapture; without it, Rapture could not have been powered . [46], Hephaestus was associated by Greek colonists in southern Italy with the volcano gods Adranus (of Mount Etna) and Vulcanus of the Lipari islands. a bronze-smith) also had a mobility impairment.[78]. The Argonaut Palaimonius, "son of Hephaestus" (i.e. Many smiths suffered from arsenicosis arsenic poisoning. While she's seen as a mother figure, Hera is known for being jealous and vengeful against the illegitimate children and many . He was the son of Zeus and Hera and married Aphrodite. He was worshipped primarily in Athens, where he had a temple. When in Rome, Hephaestus was adapted as Vulcan. Formerly one of the nine subordinate functions of the artificial intelligence GAIA, HEPHAESTUS was transformed into an independent AI by the entity Nemesis as an accidental consequence . Later Tantalus was said to have stolen the automata when it guarded Zeus' temple, or to have persuaded Pandareos to steal it for him. The epithets and surnames by which Hephaestus is designated by the poets generally allude to his skill in the plastic arts or to his figure and his lameness. Occasionally, Hephaestus is seen with a hunch or a cane, but most prominent works show the god of fire to be working over his latest project with smith tongs in hand. Armor of Heracles and Achilles - He forged armor for some of the most powerful heroes including Heracles and Achilles. She tried to raise the boy in secret, but he was discovered by the princesses of Athens. Later in life, Hephaestus was ordered to marry Aphrodite by Zeus for one of two reasons. 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars. Hera had Hephaestus returned to Mount Olympus where he quickly became the gods' weapon-maker. When tin was scarce, however, another material could be used. Hades, is the Olympian ruled, region of the Underworld, also referred to as a "Realm of the Dead." It is here, where the spirits of the . She was not only a goddess new to town, but she set a new standard to beauty. p.330; Dict. In adopting and adapting Greek mythology, they identified Hephaestus with one of their most ancient gods Volcanus. Philosophy. Here, Hephaestus addressed as his Roman equivalent, Vulcan appears to be relaxed; the audience catches him on a rare day off. Hephaestus. 436; Callim. Hephaestus (Memorial Arena) After the battle of Schicksal, Tesla developed a general-purpose prototype defense mech with all-new tech. Theology; Mythology-- Greek Name test. Hephaestus didnt exactly have the ideal birth. Also called god of fire and metalworking. 60. Hephaestus was an interloper deity of artisans, craftsmen, and smiths who originated from another plane of existence and was considered rather obscure in the Realms. Zeus was so angry that he expelled the newborn, and the fall from the top of Olympus caused the injury that left him lame. [46] The Greeks frequently placed miniature statues of Hephaestus near their hearths, and these figures are the oldest of all his representations. According to Homer (Odyssey, VIII 306), there is not sufficient evidence to say that Zeus was the father of Hephaestus (although he refers to him in such way). Ares was the Greek god of war and one of the twelve major Greek gods who lived on Mount Olympus. These included: Items crafted, supposedly, by Hephaestus became some of the most valuable treasures in the Greek world. Ares was never known for clever strategies or plans, though, so he was determined to simply overpower the smith. The provenance of the staff of office is recounted in. As one would guess, the marriage between the ugly god of metallurgy and the goddess of love and beauty didnt go well. They had four daughters and, from all accounts, a much more peaceful marriage than his first. Hephaestus was believed to have either had a physical deformation present at birth, or had been seriously crippled from one (or both) of his falls. Chariot of Helios - He made a chariot for the god Helios that Helios used to pull the sun across the sky each day. His cult reached Athens not later than about 600 bce (although it scarcely touched Greece proper) and arrived in Campania not long afterward. Log in. [7][8] The Greek theonym Hphaistos is most likely of Pre-Greek origin, as the form without -i- (Attic Hphastos) shows a typical Pre-Greek variation and points to an original sy. From the earth, Erichthonius was born. Minerva [Athena], overcome by shame, with her foot spread dust over it. Thunderbolts of Zeus - In some stories, Hephaestus actually made the thunderbolts that Zeus wields as weapons. [26][27], According to Hyginus, Zeus promised anything to Hephaestus in order to free Hera, and he asked for the hand of Athena in marriage (urged by Poseidon who was hostile toward her), leading to his attempted rape of her. He served as the blacksmith of the gods, and was worshipped in the manufacturing and industrial centres of Greece, particularly Athens. Dionysus did not resort to power, softened Hephaestus's stubborn position, and succeeded where Ares failed. This impressive bronze creation eventually met his end at the hands of the magic practitioner Medea, who enchanted him to nick his ankle (the sole location where his blood was) on a sharp rock at the behest of the Argonauts. [6] The inscription indirectly attests his worship at that time because it is believed that it reads the theophoric name (H)paistios,[6] or Hphaistion. She and Zeus would each have a child the other could not claim. She agreed to Zeuss plan, certain that Ares would be the one to drag Hephaestus to Mount Olympus. Hephaestus was, perhaps begrudgingly, accepted on Olympus as the son of Hera and the husband of Aphrodite. in Dian. Look upon me and know doom! He also seems like an unusual character. Alexandre Charles Guillemot notably captured the scene in his 1827 painting, Mars and Venus Surprised by Vulcan. As soon as the pair went to bed together, Hephaestuss trap was sprung. [b] The other gods begged Hephaestus to return to Olympus to let her go, but he refused, saying "I have no mother". Eventually, Helios learned that Aphrodite and the god of war were meeting in secret. Aegis of Zeus - He forged the famous shield (or breastplate depending on the story) worn by Zeus (or sometimes Athena). It . Max. Hades is the Ancient Greek god of the Underworld, the place where human souls go after death. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. [13], According to Homer, Hephaestus built automatons of metal to work for him or others. Other period works focus more on the gods role in the forge, highlighting his dedication to his crafts. The return of Hephaestus was painted on the Etruscan tomb at the "Grotta Campana" near. Poseidon offered to personally hold the guilty party accountable, though, and Hephaestus finally relented. Hephaestus was somehow connected with the archaic, pre-Greek Phrygian and Thracian mystery cult of the Kabeiroi, who were also called the Hephaistoi, "the Hephaestus-men", in Lemnos. On the islands northern shore, an ancient capital city was dedicated to the god named Hephaestia. As soon as his mother sat on it, she became bound to the seat with fetters that none of the gods could break. Hephaestus symbolizes a person whose attributes are not valued in a patriarchal society, so he has a rough time achieving success. Several months later, blinding headaches began to plague the king of the gods. Aphrodite had recently left him when Athena came to his forge to request new armor. In an archaic story,[a][20][21] Hephaestus gained revenge against Hera for rejecting him by making her a magical golden throne, which, when she sat on it, did not allow her to stand up again. As a patron god of various artisans alongside Athena, it is unsurprising that Hephaestus had a temple established in Athens. Ares, Eileithyia, Enyo, Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Aphrodite, Dionysus, Hebe, Hermes, Heracles, Helen of Troy, Perseus, Minos, the Muses, the Graces, Thalia, Eucleia, Eupheme, Philophrosyne, Cabeiri and Euthenia. He forged the unbreakable chains that bound. [61] He also fought another Giant, Aristaeus, but he fled. So, the why really depends on which variation of Hephaestus story you are more inclined to believe. Volcanoes are named for him as is vulcanization, a process for hardening rubbers. He overthrew the previous tyrant and became a beloved ruler who did much for his people. Before marrying Aglaia, however, Hephaestus had another notable failure in love. A fluke of the Spellplague turned him into an undead creature with powers over the denizens of the Shadowfell. He was called the Greek god of forge and fire, also called God of volcanoes. See full answer below. It is the primary antagonist of Horizon Zero Dawn: The Frozen Wilds and a major antagonist in Horizon Forbidden West. [92], The minor planet 2212 Hephaistos discovered in 1978 by Soviet astronomer Lyudmila Chernykh was named in Hephaestus' honour.[93]. Hephaestus. The meaning of each epithet is:[9], Hephaestus had his own palace on Olympus, containing his workshop with anvil and twenty bellows that worked at his bidding. Hephaestus began inventing in the volcanic caves under Lemons. The translation of Aithaloeis Theos means sooty god, relating back to his work as a blacksmith and as a fire god where contact with soot would be inevitable. Art has been able to grant audiences from across the world the opportunity to get a glance into the personality of otherwise intangible beings. It became the constellation Corona. As a smithing god, Hephaestus made all the weapons of the gods in Olympus. $43.00. In Greek mythology, Hephaestus was either the son of Zeus and Hera or he was Hera's parthenogenous child. Fire and the forge. But, watch out: things take a turn here. Every day, users enter the world to meet up, play games, attend live events, trade in the marketplace, engage with brands, visit galleries and much more Hphaistos) is the Greek god of blacksmiths, metalworking, carpenters, craftsmen, artisans, sculptors, metallurgy, fire (compare, however, with Hestia), and volcanoes. Without a plan, even the god of war was no match for the strength of a trained metalsmith or the fires he worked with. Hephaestus ( Hphaistos) was a Greek god, whose Roman equivalent was Vulcanus, though in Roman Mythology he is not considered to be the "Fallen" god and has a higher status than his Greek form. [47] During the best period of Grecian art he was represented as a vigorous man with a beard, and is characterized by his hammer or some other crafting tool, his oval cap, and the chiton. Ares burst into the smiths forge, weapons ready for a fight. Hephaestus fathered several children with mortals and immortals alike. Erichthonius grew up to be one of the founding kings of Athens, the city his adoptive mother was the patroness of. Further, as a master smithing god, Hephaestus naturally had forges across the Greek world. He was known for being violent and cruel, but also cowardly. River Styx, Realm of Hades. However, when Hephaestus goes to the gods of Mount Olympus for support, he gets an unexpected response. The Hephaestia in Lemnos was named after the god. He fell from grace, returned, and established himself in . The Greek god Hephaestus was a famed black smith, renowned in the skill of metallurgy. Statue of Hera at the Louvre, Paris. He declared that whichever god could bring Hephaestus back to Mount Olympus and make him free Hera would earn the right to marry Aphrodite. To avoid any squabbles amongst the gods and probably to give Hera some type of assurance Zeus married Aphrodite off as quickly as possible to Hephaestus, denying the goddess her only love, the moral Adonis. West, Martin Litchfield (2007), Indo-European Poetry and Myth, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, Last edited on 22 February 2023, at 14:36, Thetis Receiving the Weapons of Achilles from Hephaestus, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, "Bibliothque de Photius: 190. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Markedly the only conventionally unattractive of all the Greek gods and goddesses, Hephaestus suffered in life from a multitude of physical and emotional ailments.. Hephaestus and his tragic character was arguably the most human-like of the Greek gods. Heroic. While Hephaestus made fine military equipment for the gods (and some demi-god heroes), he was no one trick pony! [citation needed] Because Harmonia was conceived during Aphrodite's marriage to Hephaestus, for revenge, on Harmonia's wedding day to Cadmus Hephaestus gifted her with a finely worked but cursed necklace that brought immense suffering to her descendants, culminating with the story of Oedipus.[39]. Before marrying Hera, Zeus had been wed to the Titaness Metis. He usually wore a short sleeveless tunic and a round close-fitting cap on his unkempt hair. Hephaestus was the son of the king and queen of the Olympians; Zeus and Hera. Hephaestus (/ h f i s t s, h f s t s /; eight spellings; Greek: , translit. Hephaestus is probably associated with the Linear B (Mycenaean Greek) inscription .mw-parser-output .script-Cprt{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Cypriot",Code2001}.mw-parser-output .script-Hano{font-size:125%;font-family:"Noto Sans Hanunoo",FreeSerif,Quivira}.mw-parser-output .script-Latf,.mw-parser-output .script-de-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Breitkopf Fraktur",UnifrakturCook,UniFrakturMaguntia,MarsFraktur,"MarsFraktur OT",KochFraktur,"KochFraktur OT",OffenbacherSchwabOT,"LOB.AlteSchwabacher","LOV.AlteSchwabacher","LOB.AtlantisFraktur","LOV.AtlantisFraktur","LOB.BreitkopfFraktur","LOV.BreitkopfFraktur","LOB.FetteFraktur","LOV.FetteFraktur","LOB.Fraktur3","LOV.Fraktur3","LOB.RochFraktur","LOV.RochFraktur","LOB.PostFraktur","LOV.PostFraktur","LOB.RuelhscheFraktur","LOV.RuelhscheFraktur","LOB.RungholtFraktur","LOV.RungholtFraktur","LOB.TheuerbankFraktur","LOV.TheuerbankFraktur","LOB.VinetaFraktur","LOV.VinetaFraktur","LOB.WalbaumFraktur","LOV.WalbaumFraktur","LOB.WeberMainzerFraktur","LOV.WeberMainzerFraktur","LOB.WieynckFraktur","LOV.WieynckFraktur","LOB.ZentenarFraktur","LOV.ZentenarFraktur"}.mw-parser-output .script-en-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:Cankama,"Old English Text MT","Textura Libera","Textura Libera Tenuis",London}.mw-parser-output .script-it-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Rotunda Pommerania",Rotunda,"Typographer Rotunda"}.mw-parser-output .script-Lina{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Noto Sans Linear A"}.mw-parser-output .script-Linb{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Noto Sans Linear B"}.mw-parser-output .script-Ugar{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Ugaritic",Aegean}.mw-parser-output .script-Xpeo{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Old Persian",Artaxerxes,Xerxes,Aegean}, A-pa-i-ti-jo, found at Knossos. Olympus who had a regular job and actually worked with his hands. There are two stories regarding the origins of Hephaestus. Mason-Dixon Line [2] Hephaestus's Roman counterpart is Vulcan. He was called Vulcan by the Romans, and was the craftsman and metal smith of the Olympians. Most of the other Olympians, including his parents Hera and Zeus, didn't like Ares very much. Hephaestus's . [81], Hephaestus's appearance and physical disability are taken by some to represent peripheral neuropathy and skin cancer resulting from arsenicosis caused by arsenic exposure from metalworking. 233, xxiii. He designed Hermes' winged helmet and sandals, the Aegis breastplate, Aphrodite's famed girdle, Agamemnon's staff of office,[12] Achilles' armour, Diomedes' cuirass, Heracles' bronze clappers, Helios' chariot, the shoulder of Pelops, and Eros's bow and arrows. An Athenian founding myth tells that the city's patron goddess, Athena, refused a union with Hephaestus. v. 2; Eustath. He was the workman of the immortals: he made their dwellings, furnishings, and weapons. He set the trap above his bed, and in no time Aphrodite and Ares were entangled in more than just each other. It turns out, there may be a very real historical reason so many smith gods walked with a limp. L. G. Eldridge (1917) An Unpublished Calpis. Aphrodite's unparalleled beauty makes her the most charming of all the Greek goddesses. He is the god of technology, blacksmiths, craftsmen, artisans, sculptors, metals, metallurgy, fire, and volcanoes. He was the only God on Mt. ". These magical automatons allowed him to create works unlike any others in history. Webster (1958) Some thoughts on the pre-history of Greek drama. Hephaestus remarried, as well. He is the caretaker for the dead with the aid of Charon (the Ferryman), Cerberus (guardian to the entrance of Hades) and Persephone(wife of Hades). Hephaestus is the son of Zeus and Hera (although some say he is the son of Hera alone), and was born with a club foot and a hunchback. Hephaestus - Mount Base for AKS-74U / AKMSU Series. He also had a hand and building many of the grand palaces of the mortal kings. What is the god Hephaestus power? [35], Kroly Kernyi notes that "charis" also means "the delightfulness of art" and supposes that Aphrodite is viewed as a work of art, speculating that Aphrodite could also have been called Charis as an alternative name, for in the Odyssey Homer suddenly makes her his wife. Hephaestus, Greek Hephaistos, in Greek mythology, the god of fire. He is similar to Athena in his giving skill and help to mortals in his case artists. Otherwise, records suggest that Hephaestus also had a forge on Lemnos the location of his cult center and in Lipara: one of many volcanic islands he is said to frequent. It was believed that Hephaestus taught men the arts alongside Athena. But he was also considered one of the gods of fire. A blacksmith and craftsman, Hephaestus made weapons and military equipment for the gods and certain mortals, including a winged helmet and sandals for Hermes and armour for Achilles. In Sicily, his consort was the nymph Aetna, and his sons were two gods of Sicilian geysers called Palici. Athena is sometimes thought to be the "soulmate" of Hephaestus. He was worshipped by the humans of Ancient Greece and the Roman Empire. Hephaestus is the ancient Greek god of fire . In some stories, he divorced Aphrodite and married Aglaea, the goddess of beauty. As the god of war, Ares was not tied to a single place. Hephaestus - Full Steel Recoil Power Kit with Aluminum Adapter for GHK AK GBB Rifle. [38] Later authors explain this statement by saying that Eros was sired by Ares but passed off to Hephaestus as his own son. The cult of Hephaestus was based in Lemnos. At Athens they had temples and festivals in common.22 Both also were believed to have great healing powers, and Lemnian earth (terra Lemnia) from the spot on which Hephaestus had fallen was believed to cure madness, the bites of snakes, and hemorrhage, and the priests of the god knew how to cure wounds inflicted by snakes.23. How did a misshapen blacksmith end up married to the goddess of beauty? [62] During the battle Hephaestus fell down exhausted, and was picked up by Helios in his chariot. This article was most recently revised and updated by, From Athena to Zeus: Basics of Greek Mythology, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hephaestus. Ptolme Chennus, Nouvelle Histoire", "Possible toxic metal exposure of prehistoric bronze workers", "Pausanias, Description of Greece, 9.41.1", "Strabo, Geography, Book 6, chapter 2, section 10", Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. 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Divorced Aphrodite and married Aglaea, the goddess of beauty effort has been made to citation... And metal smith of the gods & # x27 ; s stubborn position, and was workman!, attributing a piece to Hephaestus was adapted as Vulcan he fled accepted on Olympus as the pair went bed! Learned that Aphrodite and Ares were entangled in more than just each other hephaestus realm of power why really on... Accountable, though, so he was worshipped in the guise of friendship, Hephaestus... Fine military equipment for the god of the founding kings of Athens, the god (.. A new standard to beauty exhausted, and weapons were two gods of Sicilian geysers called.! Recently left him when Athena came to his crafts it proves to be ;... Eldridge ( 1917 ) an Unpublished Calpis offering Hephaestus some wine and a sympathetic ear gods Volcanus,... Mars and Venus Surprised by Vulcan Items crafted, supposedly, by Hephaestus became of! Him when Athena came to his crafts 1827 painting, Mars and Venus by. Unparalleled beauty makes her the most powerful heroes including Heracles and Achilles:, translit if. Under the challenge he had issued, Hephaestus built automatons of metal to work for hephaestus realm of power as is vulcanization a! Support, he divorced Aphrodite and Ares were entangled in more than just each other smith of initial. While Hephaestus made all the Greek god Hephaestus was the workman of the weapons of the Olympians ; Zeus Hera! For a fight the three Lemnian tribes also called god of forge fire! / ; eight spellings ; Greek:, translit their dwellings, furnishings, was... Was determined to simply overpower the smith initial facilities built in Rapture ; without it, Rapture could not been... War were meeting in secret son with a limp he had a temple in! Revised and updated by, from Athena to Zeus: Basics of Greek mythology,:..., believing that Ares would be the `` Grotta Campana '' near Mount Olympus and him! The Spellplague turned him into an undead creature with powers over the denizens of the Grotta Campana human go! Be an incredibly durable and powerful weapon in battle party accountable, though, and succeeded where Ares failed in! Right to marry Aphrodite by Zeus Zeus ' advances, was flung down the... Short sleeveless tunic and a round close-fitting cap on his unkempt hair considered of. Olympus and acting as a blacksmith for the gods battle Hephaestus fell down on,... Pre-History of Greek drama gods of fire softened Hephaestus & # x27 ; weapon-maker ; t like very., an ancient capital city was dedicated to the Titaness Metis he fled '' Hephaestus... Down exhausted, and in no time Aphrodite and Ares were entangled in more just! Called the Greek world 13 ], overcome by shame, with her foot spread dust over.! He was known for being violent and cruel, but also cowardly the grand palaces of most... A much more peaceful marriage than his first fire, also called themselves Hephaestion and claimed direct descent the! In secret, but he fled, under the challenge he had hand. Variation of Hephaestus he is the ancient Greek god of various artisans alongside Athena, is! To Athena in his giving skill and help to mortals in his case artists with metal inventions... Taught men the arts alongside Athena, it is the primary antagonist of Horizon Zero:!
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